This study utilized high-voltage low-frequency therapy using the stationary electrotherapy devices Healectrics (model S02). The therapy operates based on the application of high-voltage direct current (30 - 50 kV), with a polarity change frequency of up to 1 Hz. In this experiment, a frequency of ~0.2 Hz was used. To ensure effective therapy and safety, the subject undergoing therapy must be electrically isolated from other large conductive objects. For instance, when treating humans, the subject sits on a chair made of dielectric materials. Similarly, when treating animals, they are placed in a plastic cage on a dielectric stand at least 5 cm above a conductive surface, and other conductive objects should also be maintained at a distance of at least 5 cm. This method differs from previously considered electrotherapy techniques by inducing polarization effects throughout the subject’s body, thereby increasing the body potential to a level of 30 - 50 kV. This saturation of the body with ions begins to dissipate into the air, and microcurrents arise in the patient’s body.

Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in ICR mice is often used to model diabetes mellitus and its complications, as well as other pathologies [12] . The study used 24 ICR mice, aged 8 - 12 weeks. The animals were kept under standard conditions with controlled lighting and had ad libitum access to food and water.

A model of type 2 diabetes was induced in mice by intravenous administration of nicotinamide (120 mg/kg) and intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Nicotinamide was injected intravenously at a dose of 120 mg/kg, with the volume determined individually for each animal based on their body weight. Fifteen minutes later, streptozotocin in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 65 mg/kg, with the volume determined individually for each animal based on their body weight. Before the administration of streptozotocin, the animals were fasted for 4 hours. A glucose tolerance test was conducted to confirm diabetes.

The animals were divided into four groups of six mice each:

Animals with no signs of health problems were selected for the experiment. Animals were distributed into groups using the randomization principle, using the glucose level in the GTT on day 0 of the study as a criterion.

The first day of electrotherapy was considered day 1 of the study. Animals in Groups 2 and 4 were subjected to electrotherapy three times a day for 30 minutes over 2 weeks (with a technical break on day 9). Electrotherapy was conducted by placing the animals in individual cages without metal parts. A conductive plate (electrode) was placed under the bedding at the bottom of the cage, to which a high-voltage electric field of approximately ~30 - 50 kV was applied. Every 5 seconds, the polarity of the field was reversed (the field was turned off for 1 second and then applied again with the opposite polarity).

The GTT was conducted on days 15 and 22 of the study. Animals were fasted for 4 hours before the test, after which they were given glucose intragastrically (2 g/kg). Blood glucose levels were measured before glucose administration and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after administration.

Blood for hematological analysis was collected from the tail vein. The following parameters were determined: Red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin level (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), white blood cell count (WBC), lymphocyte count (LYM#, LYM%), monocyte count (MON#, MON%), granulocyte count (GRA#, GRA%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red blood cell distribution width—coefficient of variation (RDW), red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDWSD), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet crit (PCT), platelet distribution width—coefficient of variation (PDW). Statistically significant differences and near statistically significant differences for рematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), leukocytes, and lymphocyte levels were determined.

Data were analyzed using the t-test for independent samples. The significance level was set at P < 0.05.

The results of the GTT indicate that two weeks of high-voltage low-frequency electrotherapy significantly reduce the increase in blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. On day 15, the increase in glucose levels post-load in the group receiving electrotherapy (Group 2) was significantly lower compared to the group without therapy (Group 1) ( Table 1 , Graph 1 ). Significant differences were observed at all time points (30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes) with p-values < 0.05. On day 22, the effect was also significant ( Table 2 , Graph 2 ), indicating a sustained effect of high-voltage electrotherapy even a week after its completion. These data suggest that the therapy may have a long-term impact on reducing the increase in glucose levels during the GTT.

Comparing Group 1 (diabetes, no electrotherapy) and Group 2 (diabetes + electrotherapy), the diabetic animals in Group 2 did not show other deviations in blood composition compared to the diabetic group without electrotherapy. This indicates that high-voltage electrotherapy does not worsen hematological parameters in diabetic mice, confirming the safety of high-voltage electrotherapy for diabetic animals.

1) Improvement of Insulin Resistance

2) Reduction of Inflammation

3) Regulation of the Nervous System

4) Improvement of Blood Circulation and Microcirculation

5) Stimulation of Regenerative Processes