The tyre samples were subjected to a peeling test in accordance with the TS 11190 standard. This test method was used to assess the differences between the tyre components, specifically between the tread and the second ply, and between the first and second plies. Adhesive forces were measured in both the tread ply and ply ply areas. According to the standard, the adhesion force between the tread and the ply must be at least 7 N/mm, while the adhesion force between the plies must be at least 6 N/mm. The results obtained (as shown in Table 3 ) indicate that the peel test results for the specimens tested exceed these reference values.

According to the data in Table 3 , the peeling test results of the cured tyres show a small increase in the tread-ply adhesion forces at high temperatures for the NY6 and NY66 samples. However, when examining the ply ply adhesion forces, a 12% - 13% decrease was observed under high temperature conditions. Nevertheless, all results indicate that the tyres comply with the TS 11190 standard. Furthermore, since peel tests can show variations of ±15% between two tyres produced under the same curing conditions, the 13% decrease observed in the high temperature samples is considered to be within acceptable limits.

Breaking strength, elongation, EASL (Elongation at Specified Load) and LASE (Load at Specified Elongation) values were compared for the cords removed from the tyre plies and the raw cords according to ASTM D885.

Breaking testing is a method used to evaluate the mechanical strength of materials by determining the maximum stress a material can withstand before breaking under an applied breaking force. This test is particularly important for elastomeric and composite materials as it helps to predict their load carrying capacity and service life [8] .

Table 4 shows the breaking load results and rate of change for cords taken from cured tyres. When comparing the test results of cords and raw cord ropes from tyres cured at low and high plate temperatures, the breaking load values of NY6 and NY66 remained almost unchanged at low temperatures. However, at high temperatures, a reduction of 16.5% for NY6 and 2% for NY66 was observed. This indicates that high temperatures have a negative effect on the breaking load of NY6, whereas the breaking load of NY66 is not affected by the temperatures studied.

The elongation at break test is an important mechanical method used to assess the deformation of a material to the point of failure. This test measures how much the material can elongate under breaking load, providing an indication of its flexibility and ductility [9] .

Table 5 presents the elongation at break results and rates of change for cord ropes from cured tyres. At low temperatures the elongation values increased by 7.9% for NY6 and 9% for NY66. At high temperatures, the elongation values increased by 3.8% for NY6 and decreased by 3.9% for NY66 compared to the low temperature results. NY66 showed similar behaviour at both temperature levels, with the change in elongation at high temperature mirroring that observed at low temperature.

As can be seen from the results, the superior elongation properties of NY6 [6] are negatively affected when exposed to high temperatures. This finding is consistent with previous scientific studies which have shown that NY6 undergoes significant changes in its mechanical properties with increasing temperature [10] .

The EASL test is a mechanical test method used to determine how much a material can elongate under a given load. This test is critical in evaluating the load carrying capacity and deformation behaviour of the material [11] .

The data in Table 6 presents the EASL test results for NY6 and NY66 samples under a 4.5 kg load. For the NY6 samples, there was a significant increase in the percentage elongation of the 1st and 2nd ply cords in Case 2 compared to Case 1. The elongation of the 1st ply cord increased from 10.21% to 12.33% and the elongation of the 2nd ply cord increased from 9.87% to 12.47%, an increase of 23.5%. In contrast, the EASL values for the NY66 samples remained almost constant between Cases 1 and 2, with a slight change from 8.88% to 8.7% for the 1st ply cord and from 8.47% to 8.49% for the 2nd ply cord, representing a decrease of 0.92%. The rate of change compared to the raw cord ranged from 125.5% to 155% for the NY6 samples and from 117.23% to 116.15% for the NY66 samples. These results indicate that NY6 tends to elongate more under high temperature conditions in case 2, while NY66 has a more stable performance against temperature variations.

The results of the EASL test under a 6.8 kg load are shown in Table 7 . The data show significant differences between the NY6 and NY66 samples. For the NY6 specimens, there was a marked increase in elongation percentages from the 1st to the 2nd ply. The elongation of the 1st ply cord increased from 13.25% to 15.78% and the elongation of the 2nd ply cord increased from 12.83% to 15.51%. The average elongation of the 1st and 2nd ply cords increased from 13.04% to 15.65%, an increase of 19.98%. In contrast, the elongation rates for the NY66 samples remained almost constant between Cases 1 and 2, with only a slight change from 12.01% to 12.05% for the first ply cord, from 11.30% to 11.14% for the second ply cord, and a slight decrease from 11.66% to 11.60% for the average of the first and second ply cords, representing a decrease of 0.51%. When examining the rate of change in relation to the raw cord, the NY6 samples showed an increase from 123.02% to 147.59%, while the NY66 samples showed a very slight decrease from 120.15% to 119.54%. These results are consistent with those observed in Table 6 .

Table 8 shows the elongation percentages and rates of change for cord ropes extracted from cured tyres under a 9.1 kg load. The data are consistent with the results presented in Table 6 and Table 7 . Overall, a reduction of 1.3% was observed in the NY66 samples. When examining the rate of change relative to the uncured cord, NY6 showed an increase from 120.31% to 145.50% while NY66 showed a decrease from 119.75% to 118.19%.

For NY6, an increase of approximately 20% in elongation percentages was observed under loads of 4.5 kg, 6.8 kg and 9.1 kg compared to those cured at low temperatures, whereas no significant change in values was observed for NY66.

The Load at Specified Elongation (LASE) test is a mechanical method used to measure the load required for a material to reach a specified elongation. This test is essential for investigating the stress-strain relationship, particularly in elastomers and composites [12] .

Table 9 presents the strength values and rates of change at 3% elongation for cord ropes extracted from cured tyres. A 12.81% decrease in LASE (3%) values was observed for the NY6 cord fabric cured at high temperatures compared to those cured at low temperatures, while the decrease for NY66 was 2.09%.

Table 10 shows the strength values and rates of change at 10% elongation for cord ropes extracted from cured tyres. A 27.21% decrease in LASE (10%) values was observed for the NY6 cord fabric cured at high temperatures compared to those cured at low temperatures, while for NY66 the decrease was limited to only 0.27%.

Table 11 presents the strength values and rates of change at 20% elongation for cord ropes taken from cured tyres. For the NY6 samples, a reduction of 22.63% was observed between Cases 1 and 2, with the LASE value for the first ply cord decreasing from 12.25% to 9.08%. In contrast, the NY66 specimens showed minimal change with a reduction of only 0.33%. While NY66 largely maintained its LASE values in Case 2, the LASE performance of NY6 decreased significantly under high temperature conditions. These results suggest that NY66 is more stable under load, whereas NY6 loses flexibility at higher temperatures.