The climatic variations of planet Earth can be attributed to natural processes resulting from cycles or eruptions of atmospheric parameters. However, the main cause of climatic cycles dates back to the very creation of Earth to support life [1] [2] . The planet generates atmospheric parameters, namely air, water, gas, ice, dryness, humidity, fire, and heat, which are partially the nuclei of climatic cycle formation. The correlation of these parameters can influence the planet by dividing it into main and medium climatic cycles [3] [4] . This article aims: to determine the main atmospheric parameters and climatic cycles of Earth, according to a physical model (Figure 1); to define the correlations of formation of the main climatic cycles and their terrestrial locations (Table 1); to derive the equations of the numerical model of the defined atmospheric parameters in Figure 1 (Table 2); and finally, to calculate the formation constants of the parameters governing planet Earth [5] [6] . This study also includes an analytical part on two figures highlighting the triple point of gas, water, and ice temperature and the special distribution of the flow of dry, humid, and air parameters. However, the major concern of physicists and researchers focuses on climates, emphasizing the heterogeneity of environments on the surface of the Earth [7] [8] .

+: mixture.

The physical model of atmospheric parameters defines the set of climatic variations that occur within the Earth’s atmosphere. Figure 1 presents eight key parameters that come together to form the Earth’s climatic cycle. Indeed, climate varies differently across geographical scales.

Considering temperature and atmospheric pressure, the triple point is the point on the temperature-pressure phase diagram of liquid, gas, and solid bodies. The thermodynamic triple point temperature of the three phases is at 273.16˚K, which is 0.01˚C. The liquid, gas, and solid phases coexist, hence the temperature for the formation of water (rain) is 275.1559˚K (or 2.006˚C for the liquid state), for vapor is 273.1596˚K (or 0.00963˚C for the gas state), and finally, the temperature for the formation of ice is 273.1633˚K (or 0.0133˚C for the solid state). Figure 2 illustrates the coexistence of the three states at particular points. These curves separating stability domains between phases converge at points where water can exist in three states (liquid, gas, and/or solid). At the Earth’s surface, at sea level ambient pressure (101.325 kPa), water is stable as a solid state below 273.15˚K and as a liquid state above 273.15˚K. The gaseous state is never the stable state of water at the Earth’s surface (Figure 3(d)).

Similarly, considering the flow of parameters, the dry atmosphere, humidity, and air coexist within the atmosphere at disparate formation points. At the Earth’s surface, with an ambient pressure of 101,325 Pa, the flow (velocity) of dry atmosphere or dryness is 0.00365 in/s. This value represents the rapidity of ignition in dry and temperate zones of the Earth’s environment. The values 1.996 in²/s and 2.993 in²/s represent the viscosity of the flow at the formation of humidity and air parameters, respectively (Table 2). Thus, the curves in Figure 3 show the variations in the flow of the three atmospheric parameters in the Earth’s space. Since atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude, the curves show a considerable decrease in the three parameters. In the range from 0 to 15 km altitude (marking the troposphere), the presence of air, humidity, and dryness is relatively significant from the Earth’s surface according to the interval 0 to 2.25 for Km air, 0 to 8 Km for humidity, and 0 to 4.5 Km for dry; and becomes rare when we gain height to the troposphere’s limit (Figure 3(a) and Figure 3(b)). Air, humidity, and dryness do not reach into the stratosphere (15 to 50 km altitude), the mesosphere (50 to 80 km altitude) and the ionosphere the extra-atmospheric zone (Figure 3(a)).

The atmospheric warming is defined by the thermal energy of fire propulsion and heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. This energy is activated by the agitation of atmospheric parameters, dryness, and heat. The higher the temperature of a body, the higher the movement of its constituent molecules. The thermal energy in temperate regions, which stimulates bushfires, is 1 J with a heat transfer of 0.9963 J, resulting in a difference of 0.0037 J at a pressure of 101,325 Pa (Table 2). The decrease in atmospheric pressure leads to a decrease in these parameters (Table 3). Thus, the vertical evolution towards the atmospheric limit results in a progressive decrease in thermal energy from heat (Figure 3(c)). But the thermal energy of the fire remains invariable depending on the altitude. Thus, fire is a parameter which has an indefinite limit interval. Fire and heat are two coexisting parameters of the very low atmosphere.

Table 2 contains the values of constants of atmospheric parameters calculated from numerical models. The units of measurement for these values are in degrees Kelvin (˚K) for the temperature of vapor, ice, and water parameters; in inch/second (in/s) for the velocity (linear speed) of dryness parameter; in in²/s for the viscosity of humidity and air parameters, and finally in Joule (J) for the thermal energy of fire and heat parameters.

The climate of the planet, considered as a whole, is primarily determined by atmospheric parameters. However, the division of the Earth into latitudinal and longitudinal zones creates regional climates such as glacial, temperate, desert, tropical, and equatorial climates. These regions and climatic cycles are the only phenomena where variations in atmospheric pressure lead to the formation of specific climatic parameters, and vice versa. Indeed, fluctuations in atmospheric pressure result in significant changes in temperature, flow, and warming of the Earth’s parameters. Thus, on the Earth’s surface, variation changes the state of surface water into ice and water vapor and alters the state of soil and vegetation by producing droughts and bushfires. In the Earth’s atmosphere, the formation of air, humidity, heat, and the process of condensation of water vapor and precipitation are also produced due to pressure variation. However, from process to process, the Earth’s climate varies naturally, with or without human intervention, following cycles and punctual events.

The authors would like to thank at the solar project company Africa REN for their technical support.

Conceptualization, I. W. D. A.; methodology, I. W. D. A., and K. W. N. D.; formal analysis, I. W. D. A.; investigation, O. I.; writing—review and editing I. W. D. A.; visualization, I. W. D. A. and Y. K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Please turn to the CRediT taxonomy for the term explanation. Authorship must be limited to those who have contributed substantially to the work reported.

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ilboudo, W.D.A., Yamba, K., Koumbem, W.N.D. and Ouédraogo, I. (2024) Numerical Models and Methods of Atmospheric Parameters Originating in the Formation of the Earth’s Climatic Cycle. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 14, 277-286. https://doi.org/10.4236/acs.2024.142017