FNSFood and Nutrition Sciences2157-944XScientific Research Publishing10.4236/fns.2023.1412075FNS-129857ArticlesBiomedical&Life Sciences Physicochemical and Biochemical Composition of <i>Balanites aegyptiaca</i> Seed and Seed Oil from Burkina Faso PatriceBazongo1LassanéOuédraogo2*PingdwindéMarie Judith Samadoulougou-Kafando3MartinKiendrebeogo4NicolasBarro1Laboratoire de Biochimie &amp; Chimie Appliquées, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoLaboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire d’Epidemiologie et de Surveillance des Bacteries et Virus transmis par les aliments et l’eau (LaBESTA), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)/Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT)/Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies des Aliments et Nutrition (LabSTAN), Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA)/Laboratoire de l’Environnement et des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, Agroforestiers et Aquatiques (LaboEcoFAA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso1312202314121206122020, October 202317, December 2023 20, December 2023© Copyright 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. 2014This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

In Burkina Faso, the seeds of Balanites aegyptiaca have been considered to be potentially high lipid, protein and mineral sources but seem to be neglected and sometimes unknown by communities. This study aims to complete data on seed oil and detail on amino acids and minerals composition of the seed of B. aegyptiaca for better use. Physicochemical parameters such as moisture and ash content, saponification index, iodine, acid value, peroxide value and the melting point were determined. Seed oil triglycerides, fatty acids and amino acids have been estimated throughout this study. The moisture and ash content were 3.70% ± 0.1% and 2.90% ± 0.2%, respectively. The saponification and iodine values were respectively 181.96 ± 0.4 mg KOH/g of oil and 104.86 ± 0.6 g of iodine/100 g of oil. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content (50.94%) was the most important. Triglyceride (LLO, 22.4%) was the major triglyceride. 9 essential amino acids and 9 non-essential amino acids were identified. Phenylalanine (11697.82 ± 0.00 mg/kg) was the most important essential amino acid. The content of 21 minerals was determined and the most important was potassium (9323.13 ± 0.01 mg/kg). Ca/P, Ca/Mg, Ca/Mg and Na/K ratios were 0.34; 1.18; 0.04 and 0.19 respectively. B. aegyptiaca seed oil is a source of multiple nutritional values and can be used by the population for multipurpose.

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