The Federal Capital Territory Act of 1976 gave Nigeria’s capital, Abuja, legal status. It is situated in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria. The City proper has a total land size of 250 square kilometers, whereas the Federal Capital Territory has a land area of 8000 square kilometers. The FCT is surrounded by Kaduna State to the north, Niger State to the west, Plateau State to the east and southeast, and Kogi State to the southwest. It is located between 7˚25'N and 9˚20'N of the equator, and between 5˚45'E and 7˚39'E of the meridian. Abuja was primarily constructed in the 1980s and is a planned metropolis [12] . On December 12, 1991, it was formally proclaimed as Nigeria’s capital, taking the place of the former capital, Lagos. The Federal Capital Territory’s population is estimated at 778,567 people [13] . In the south of Abuja, dense tropical rain forests may be found, while Savannah grasslands can be found in the city’s northern and central regions. The Nigerian capital is fortunate to have both a temperate climate all year long and rich agricultural land. (Figure 1)

The study utilized secondary data which include high resolution satellite images as shown in Table 1.

Multicriteria analysis was used to evaluate and compare the various factors to make informed decisions. This method was useful in decision-making which involves complex, multi-dimensional factors. The map of selected environmental factors such as topographic factors (elevation, slope and water body), vegetation index and climatic factors (temperature and rainfall) was developed, such that, weight was assigned to each factors as seen in Pair wise comparison matrix table (Table 1) map of each of these environmental factors was also derived through the Spatial Analyst extension of the ArcGIS 10.3. Thus, the factors were overlaid to generate schistosomiasis risk map.

Environmental factors (LST, DEM, LULC, NDVI, Water body and Rainfall) were reclassified using ArcGIS software and a multicriteria analysis was done based on factors hierarchy and assigned weighted. (Figure 2)

The Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Abuja showed considerable differences between the various types of land cover, with built-up regions showing higher temperatures than vegetated areas. The city also has a significant heat effect, with LST in urban areas being higher than in neighboring rural areas as shown in Figure 4. Land cover features, such as the proportion of built-up areas and vegetation, are significant factors influencing the intensity of the urban heat impact in Abuja. This agrees with the works of [14] [15] .

With two separate rainy seasons―the primary rainy season (April to July) and the secondary rainy season (September to October)―Abuja has a bimodal rainfall pattern. The majority of the yearly precipitation fell during the main rainy season, which featured frequent torrential downpours and significant rainfall intensities. Significant variations in rainfall patterns may be seen throughout the city in Figure 5 below. This study confirmed the findings of [16] [17] [18] by identifying a north-south gradient in rainfall distribution, with higher amounts of rainfall observed in the southern regions of Abuja.

The DEM data was gotten from Global DEM datasets; the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and utilized in combination with other geospatial datasets to perform slope analysis. The results in Figure 6 shows very high elevation towards the eastern part of Abuja with reduction as you move to the west in agreement with [19] [20] .

The assessment of slope in Abuja relies on the availability of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, which represents the elevation of the terrain at discrete points and provide the necessary information to calculate slope values accurately. The research utilized DEM data to derive slope values and model schistosomiasis risk area of the region. (Figure 7)

The land use and land cover of Abuja have undergone significant changes over the years due to rapid urbanization and development. The result here assists in identifying settlement close to water bodies which are vulnerable to schistosomiasis due to water body contact. (Figure 8)

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a commonly used remote sensing tool to assess the health and abundance of vegetation in an area. NDVI is calculated using satellite imagery, and it provides valuable information about

vegetation density and health. The result shows the green spaces and vegetation cover of Abuja at the time of research. (Figure 9)

Environmental factors that influence schistosomiasis transmission include distance to snail habitats, building dams, land cover, especially elevation, rainfall, seasonal land surface temperature (LST), and the presence of flooded agricultural land. The high prevalence of schistosomiasis in children is related to distance to such as snail habitat, the building of dams, living close to streams, springs, pools or ponds and there is a negative association of slope with Schistosomiasis infection [21] [22] . Figure 10 shows that most of the settlement (built tops) falls within high and very high risk area which implies their closeness to water bodies. Areas covered by high and very high risk zones sum up to 40% of the total area covered. The villages in Abuja have the highest percentage 88.76% that falls within high and very high risk zones (Table 2 and Figure 11) confirming the fact that schistosomias is a disease of the poor and mostly rural.