If the Planck length is chosen as the natural length scale of the Universe, the Penrose-Carter diagram associated with the classical gravitational collapse of a thin spherical shell of massless matter reveals, beyond and in agreement with the claimed non locality of the horizon, a quantum nature of the whole process.
The author thanks the graduate students Daniel Kosoi La Mont, José D. López and Juan A. Cabrera at PCF-UNAM for enlightening discussions, and to Oscar Brauer at the University of Leeds, UK, for the drawing of Figure 1.
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Cite this paper
Socolovsky, M. (2023) Hidden Quantum Effect in General Relativity. Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, 9, 913-916. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhepgc.2023.94068
ReferencesPenrose, R. (1963) Asymptotic Properties of Fields and Space-Times. Physical Review Letters, 10, 66-68. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.10.66Carter, B. (1966) Complete Analytic Extension of the Symmetry Axis of Kerr’s Solution of Einstein’s Equation. Physical Review, 141, 1242-1247. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.141.1242Susskind, L. and Lindesay, J. (2005) An Introduction to Black Holes, Information and the String Theory Revolution. The Holographic Universe. World Scientific, New Jersey, 17-19. https://doi.org/10.1142/5689Zee, A. (2013) Einstein Gravity in a Nutshell. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 430-431.Senovilla, J.M.M. (2010) Black Holes and Trapped Surfaces. A.I.P. Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1318, 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3531621Schrödinger, E. (1935) Discussion of Probability Relations between Separated Systems. Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 31, 555-563. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305004100013554Einstein, A., Podolsky, B. and Rosen N. (1935) Can Quantum Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? Physical Review, 47, 777-780. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.47.777Bell, J.S. (1964) On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox. Physics, I, 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195Aspect, A., Grangier, P. and Roger, G. (1982) Experimental Realization of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm Gedankenexperiment: A New Violation of Bell’s Inequalities. Physical Review Letters, 49, 91-94. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.91Hartle, J.B. (2003) Gravity: An Introduction to Einstein’s General Relativity. Addison Wesley, San Francisco, 268-269. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1604390Dai, D.-C., Minic, D. and Stojkovic, D. (2022) On Black Holes as Macroscopic Quantum Objects. Frontiers in Physics, 10, Article ID: 891977. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2022.891977Vaz, C. (2014) Black Holes as Gravitational Atoms. International Journal of Modern Physics D, 23, Article ID: 1441002. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218271814410028Corda, C. (2023) Black Hole Spectra from Vaz’s Quantum Gravitational Collapse. Fortschritte der Physik, Article 2300028. https://doi.org/10.1002/prop.202300028Corda, C. (2023) Schrödinger and Klein-Gordon Theories of Black Holes from the Quantization of the Oppenheimer and Snyder Gravitational Collapse. Communications in Theoretical Physics. https://doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ace4b2