The advantage of using hairdressing products as hairstyle image design is to present the beauty of various shapes and color changes of dyed and permed hair. As to avoid the use of chemical agents or chemical hair products as a beautiful medium, the most primitive beautifying techniques-the performance of hand-carved hairstyles is a method in line with the concept of sustainable management concept. This article uses the method of literary analy sis to explore sustainability, optical art, and men’s hairstyle hand-carved. B ased on empirical research, an evaluation of the characteristics of hand-curved hairstyling works developed using artisanal techniques that align with the sustainability concept. A questionnaire survey on five works (A, B, C, D, E) for Stylistic Expression (Technical Form) and Consumer Acceptance (Commercial Viability) is used to analyze the phenomena value of the works. As Work E scored the highest in the Stereoscopic Illusion (Q1) survey item, in addition to fitting the research theme of Optical Art Illusion, it also scored the highest in other features. The study shows that Work E is valued due to factors such as Beauty (Q2), Aesthetic Pleasure (Q4), Self-Personalize (Q6), etc., and suitable for sports occasions, gentlemanly characteristics on appearance, and feedback provided for industry reference.
Since ancient times, people have always enjoyed experimenting with their hair. The value of hair has long surpassed its mere function. In today’s world, there is an abundance of hair products available, all aiming to enhance the beauty of hairstyles. Reports indicate that to create beautiful hairstyles, hair dye products can be used to achieve permanent hair color, with Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) being a common primary intermediate compound responsible for the color-changing effect. A trace contaminant, 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), found in consumers’ permanent hair dyes, is believed to be associated with the PPD component. Although the results of studies have shown no evidence that exposure to 4-ABP in consumer hair dyes increases the risk of cancer in humans, the potential carcinogenic risk from long-term use of permanent hair dyes and exposure to 4-ABP is a cause for concern (More et al., 2023) . Some information on health risks indicates potential health risks associated with the use of hairstyles and chemical agents (Asbeck et al., 2022) .
The hairdressing industry often promotes the use of natural plant-based active ingredients as a replacement for chemicals, not only for their benefits to human health but also for providing a sustainable lifestyle solution (Chen, 2019) . However, there are few articles that showcase the beauty of pure handcrafted haircuts, where the hair length is controlled by a professional hair stylist using expert techniques, and where hand-curved designs create beautiful patterns that align with sustainable business practices and development.
By controlling and varying the length of hair carving, hand-curved hairstyling design showcases a diverse range of artistic patterns with depth and shadow, creating a unique style. The study of hand-curved hairstyling design not only aligns with the goals of sustainability development reflected in the SDGs but also allows for understanding public perception and aesthetic evaluation of the hair curving industry in contemporary fashion through questionnaire surveys and analysis. It reflects the practical value of its aesthetic form and consumer acceptance in various phenomena.
Besides choosing hair dye as a means to create a new image, other methods such as hand-carving patterns and styling are also eco-friendly and aesthetic options for beautification. An addition to providing sun protection, creating a visually appealing hairstyle is also an essential requirement. Recognizing the international emphasis on creative hair tattoo styles and their decorative effects, achieved through handcrafted designs without the use of any chemical hair products, hair tattoo has become a sustainable consumption choice for both individuals and the environment. The researchers used the Optical Art style as a position to explore the aesthetic expression of men’s haircuts in hair tattoo style, as well as to study their practical aesthetics (Hung, 2022) . Thus, the present study adopts an empirical research approach to understand phenomena through Optical Art style and hand-curved practical experiences. Through the analysis of objective data, aims to solve problems, verify hypotheses, and establish a systematic theory. By utilizing empirical research methods, a questionnaire survey aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field (Jhou, 2012) .
A report indicates that using hair styling products such as hair dye and perm products to achieve desired hair designs can pose a threat to water management crisis and water resource safety, especially for Taiwan, a small island with limited freshwater resources. As such, hand-curved hair styling industry without chemical hair dye is yet to be developed and promoted to avoid environmental pollution. Apart from using chemical hair dye and perm products, there are many ways to express beauty through hair design, such as handcrafted hair styling patterns and shapes that are environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing. Creating visually appealing hairstyles is also essential. Recognizing the international emphasis on creative hair styling and tattooing styles and their decorative effects, the use of handmade design without any chemical hair styling products can increase awareness of the current water resource crisis for SDGs 6 (Clean water and sanitation). Besides promoting SDGs 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), this initiative can also contribute to achieving SDGs 4 (Quality Education) by understanding “hair design culture” as a critical element in sustainable development.
Researchers focused on Optical Art style to explore the aesthetic expression of male hair styling in hair tattooing style, using competency-based curriculum and learning outcome assessments to promote practical aesthetics. Understanding the inherent value of education and analyzing and determining one’s own learning needs in the personal development process is crucial. Additionally, to comprehend gender differences in the perception of hand-curved artwork, researchers used empirical research methods and information from questionnaire surveys as a reference to enhance the full participation of male and female perspectives in the appreciation of hair beauty, thereby achieving the SDGs 5 (Gender Equality) goal.
Through objective data analysis, traditional gender role concepts can be recognized in the concept while respecting cultural diversity and opposing all standardized forms of aesthetic perception. By using the research topic to explore artwork creation and practical research, the initiative aims to enhance and promote knowledge in the field of diverse gender backgrounds and apply learned knowledge to promote sustainable development in daily life. Attempting to form a neutral aesthetic hair styling trend in the Optical Art style, the initiative also seeks to construct a new empirical discussion process to resolve the opportunity of combining technical forms of art with commercial feasibility to promote cultural and creative industries, consider sustainable lifestyle, and promote diversified sustainable production and consumption practices, while also making life more aesthetic and aesthetic life as SDGs 12 (Responsible Consumption) goal.
This study aims to integrate three perspectives: SDGs, artisanal techniques on hair cutting, and optical art style through a literature review. Through a survey process and data analysis, the study seeks to construct new empirical discussions that address the technical forms and commercial viability of the artwork. Therefore, the structure of the work is designed to follow a framework that includes sample, programming, and presentation from designer, leading to the visible, comprehensible, and inspirational aspects for the consumers from the aesthetic pleasure evaluation framework based on transition from seeing to perceiving (Gao, 2022) (
SDGs refer to the 17 sustainable development goals established by the United Nations in 2015 with the aim of achieving global sustainable development by 2030. The full name of SDGs is “Sustainable Development Goals”. The research topic aligns with SDGs 4 (Quality Education), SDGs 5 (Gender Equality), SDGs 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDGs 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). The figure below illustrates the five sustainable development foundations of the research topic, aligned with the SDGs goals.
Through
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Optical Art Hairstyling | HAND-CARVED | |||
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Ensurement Inclusive, equitable and quality educational learning opportunities |
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Knowledge Aspect-Cultural sustainable development reality Attitude Aspect-Personal skills improvement, employment and entrepreneurship Skill Aspect-Application of educational knowledge promotion and sustainable development |
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Improvement Self-practice through Optical Art research |
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Achievement Gender equality |
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Knowledge Aspect-Capabilities and skills are gender-neutral and ensure full participation Attitude Aspect-Opposition to gender discrimination, and enhancement of gender equality Skill aspect-The development of gender-neutral curriculum instruction |
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Gender-Free Beauty of patterns, techniques as objectives, gender-neutral style |
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Management Sanitation and sustainable water resources |
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Knowledge aspect-Water resources security and sustainable water resources foundation Attitude aspect-Awareness of the water crisis Skill aspect-Daily water saving |
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Pollution Reduction Chemical hair products reduction, low resource overuse |
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Employment Economic growth |
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Knowledge aspect-Professional market creation for environmental protection awareness Attitude aspect-Workers’ resilience to the environment and the economy. Skill aspect-Development interpretation and evaluation for innovative societies, new technologies and local economic to promote sustainable development. |
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Irreplaceable Hairstyles patterns, the designer’s creative technical hand-carved expression |
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Development Consumption and nature awareness |
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Knowledge aspect-Recognize strategies and new institutions for sustainable production and consumption Attitude aspect-Raise awareness of the environment-related aspects of responsible consumerism. Skill aspect-Rethinking sustainable lifestyles, production and consumption practices |
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Sustainability Hand-carved hair industry, a sustainable lifestyle |
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(Clean Water and Sanitation), the sustainable and irreplaceable nature of creative artworks for SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and the promotion of a sustainable lifestyle for the Hand-carved hair industry in accordance with SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). Given that the hand-carved industry aligns with sustainable development goals, it merits promotion. This industry not only provides economic and social benefits but also plays an active role in reducing resource waste and environmental pollution. Promoting this industry can significantly contribute to promoting sustainable development and achieving SDGs (UNESCO, 2023) .
In order to correspond to the SDGs goals, chart of
In conclusion, the relationship between the SDGs and the hand-curved hair industry can be summarized as follows:
SDG 4: Promoting quality education in hand-curved styling design can cultivate skilled workforce and provide opportunities for vocational training and professional development in the hairdressing industry, equipping individuals with the knowledge and skills required for the profession.
SDG 5: Promoting gender equality is essential to ensure equal opportunities for all professions, including the hand-curved industry, and to promote equal representation and participation of all genders in various fields, including the beauty and hair industry.
SDG 6: While the direct connection between the hand-curved industry and SDG 6 may not be evident, SDG 6 emphasizes the reduction of water pollution to maintain the cleanliness of water sources and sanitation facilities, which is crucial for sustainable development and overall health and hygiene. The hand-curved hair industry can contribute by reducing the use of chemical products that may pollute water sources.
SDG 8: The hand-curved hair industry, being predominantly a manual process, promotes the demand for personal services and stimulates job opportunities and entrepreneurial spirit, contributing to decent work and economic growth. These align with the principles of SDG 8.
SDG 12: While hand-curved hair styling itself may not directly impact responsible consumption and nature awareness, salons and professionals can adopt sustainable concepts and practices in their operations. This includes promoting hand-curved styling as a sustainable hair styling option and reducing the use of chemical hair products, raising awareness among clients about hair care and sustainable practices.
The expression of beauty in hair design can take many forms. In addition to choosing dyeing and perming as means to create a new image, handcrafted hair carving patterns and styles are also a sustainable and aesthetic choice. Creating a visually appealing hair style is also an essential requirement. Recognizing the international emphasis on the creative hair tattoo style and its decorative effects, it can be achieved through handcrafted design without using any chemical hair products, thereby raising awareness of the current water resource crisis. This paragraph mainly explains the steps involved in the design and production of hand-crafted hair carving. The process begins with setting the composition of the hair carved area, followed by using a professional hair-cutting tool with an adjustable blade to create variations in length between 6 mm and 3 mm. This produces a three-dimensional visual effect through the use of light and shadow. The overall hair style is repeatedly reviewed to ensure that there is no need for detailed modification, and the final result is captured through photography for subsequent questionnaire survey. The chart below illustrates the creative process of the hair design work by Wei-Chih Hung, one of the authors of this paper and also a hair stylist (
This study explores the aesthetics and applications of five hand-carving styles that demonstrate different technical expressions. The objective is to identify the most widely accepted or preferred works and analyze their characteristics to clarify their value. This information can serve as a reference for the industry to evaluate and develop sustainable hair-carving practices. Hair carving technique mainly uses hair length as a means to express light and shadow, creating a stereoscopic illusion. The figure illustrates the effectiveness of hair carving when hair length ranges from 3 mm to 6 mm (
It was also known as “Op Art” (Optical Art), light effect art, optical illusion art or retinal art, using optical technology to create bizarre artistic effects (