The insulations used in this study are the same used y [14] ; who confirmed that the breeds in the insulations used through pathogenicity tests and molecular tests (Table 1). The insulations are placed in the insulation collection in the Phyto protection lab in the Agronomy Faculty in the Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa.

The insulations were obtained from commercial tomato crops (S. lycopersicum) in the state of Sinaloa, México in the fall-winter 2016-2017 cycle.

The sowing of the four tomato varieties undetermined was done in peat and fine vermiculite substratum in trays of 200 cavities, placing one seed per cavity. They were kept under adequate greenhouse conditions the varieties used were Bony Best (BB) susceptible to the three FOL breeds, Manapal (M) resistant to one FOL breed, Walter (W) resistant to FOL breed 1 y 2 de FOL y FLA resistant to the three FOL breeds.

The pathogenicity tests done used the four tomato varieties. The plant’s roots by genotype in the two true leaves stage in sterile peat were washed and soaked in a conidial suspension (1 × 10⁵ UFC∙mL⁻¹) of each insulation for 10 minutes and then planted into a pot that contained sandy loam soil. The suspension was obtained by gathering the spore of each insulation. 40 days after inoculation, once the 4 true leaves showed up, they were harvested for the respective analysis.

The nutritive solution (SN) was applied after the FOL inoculation, the used concentration were based on the Steiner universal solution (1966) using sterile distilled water, but with modifications, the concentration was increased by 15% and lowered to 0 the four elements. The fertilizers used in this experiment were, potassium nitrate KNO₃, calcium nitrate (NO₃)₂∙4H₂O, mono potassic phosphate KH₂PO₄, potassium sulphate K₂SO_4, calcium chloride CaCl₂ and potassium chloride KCl (Table 2). According to [15] , post-sowing, every plant was inoculated on day 40 (when these had two true leaves) after the sowing, by the root immersion method, this was submerged for 15 minutes with FOL with an amount of 1 × 10⁶ conidia.

The plants were analyzed to know each elements concentration and determine N, P, K and Ca concentrations. The samples were placed in paper bags and inserted to a forced air stove at 70˚C ± 5˚C for 24 h. Once the sample dried, it was grinded in a grinder until in went through a 1.00 mm sieve. After the grinding the sample was homogenized and separated in 5 to 10 g samples for the analysis and storage. From the homogenized sample, it is placed in a 2 g melting pot, and it’s introduced in a muffle at 450˚C for two hours. The sample is retrieved and cooled down, afterwards 2 - 3 mL of distilled water is added to moist the ashes and for the estimation of each element the methodology proposed by [16] was used.

30 days past the inoculation the plants were retrieved from the trays and were

labeled. The severity of the disease was evaluated, according to the scale proposed by [17] ; established levels from (0 - 4) where, 0 = 0%; 1 = light necrosis (1% - 33%); 2 = moderate necrosis and discoloration (34% - 66%); 3 = extreme necrosis and discoloration (67% - 100%); 4 = dead plant.

A completely random design was established with a factorial arrangement with six repetitions obtaining a total of 96 treatments. For variables with result of disease’s severity the data was analyzed by the non-parametrical test of Kruskal Whallis (α = 0.0), which originated a dendrogram; for the variables of the foliar analysis of the elements a variance analysis was done and a comparison Tukey mean test (α = 0.05).

The severity of the vascular fusariosis caused by FOL was statistically less in treatments 93, 95 and 81. Treatments 93 (Ca at 15%, R3, variety BB) y 95 (Ca at 15%, R3, variety W), showed a decrease in disease’s severity. [18] concludes that, when calcium is increased, the FOL disease decreases, because it has an adequate amount of calcium in the tomato plant’s tissue which reduced the enzymes that fade in the cellular walls produced by FOL. Besides, it is reported that Ca deficiency increases cytoplasmic membrane permeability, which favors the sugars and amino acid accumulation in the apoplast [19] , this limits the polymer synthesis which may have a negative effect on the development of the pathogen [20] , On the other hand, Ca is fundamental in the cellular wall structure, so its deficiency may cause a stiffness loss in the cellular wall and facilitate the pathogen infection in plants [21] [22] , found that nutrition with calcium is important to the tomato bacterial withering resistance, reporting that when the calcium content in plants tissue is increased, the resistance to some diseases is induced and have shown some possible mechanisms: calcium does a direct inhibition of the polygalacturonate and other pectolytic enzymes produced by the pathogen. According to [23] , the calcium nitrate application reduces the incidence of the disease called southern putrescence caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in the carrot crop. Because of this, it can be deduced that the calcium application in the treatments may have benefited the tomato plant’s health.

Treatment 22 consists of 193 mg∙L⁻¹ N, R3 FOL and M variety, statistically showing a greater N content in the foliar area with a 73.5 mg concentration N g⁻¹ plant (Table 3), this treatment had a severity level with a mean of 1, which coincides with [24] , who established an N sufficient level which oscillates between 62.5 - 100 mg of plant N g⁻¹. This indicates that adequate nitrogen levels are less damage susceptible by Fusarium, although [25] found that nitrogen excess may promote favorable conditions for plant diseases since it encourages thinner and weaker cellular walls. On the other hand, [26] demonstrated that ammonium nitrate has no influence on the Fusarium growth in the fin and root as long as it has low levels, keeping a level of 10 to 100 mg∙L⁻¹ N.

P concentration was greater in treatment 94 as shown in Table 4, which is made of Ca (207 mg∙L⁻¹), P (31 mg∙L⁻¹), R3 FOL and M variety, with 62.75 mg of plant P g⁻¹, this showed a severity level of the disease with a 1.8 mean which agrees with [27] , where the phosphorus content in vegetal tissue, that was observed in eight treatments, values fluctuated from 24.75 of P g⁻¹ of plant in treatment 50% Steiner solution, to 52.8 mg of P g⁻¹ of plant in treatment 100% Steiner solution respectively.

Treatments with different letters show significant difference Tukey α = 0.05.

Treatments with different letters show significant difference Tukey α = 0.05.

These results show that when phosphorus is added to the nutrient solution in the amount of 207 mg∙L⁻¹ it can reduce damage severity caused by Fusarium in tomato plants, as mention by [28] , P applications reduce seed disease as well as fungous diseases in root, stimulating a vigorous development that allows plants to evade the diseases since P is essential for the virus’ multiplication, excess of this may increase plant’s susceptibility to virus’ disease.

Treatment three showed a greater leave concentration of K and was statistically greater in regards of the other treatments as shown in (Table 5), which is composed by Steiner solution without addition of N, K (273 mg∙L⁻¹) R1 FOL and W variety, such treatment showed a concentration of 110.9 mg of K g⁻¹ of plant y and a mean severity of 0.8, this concentration agrees [29] publication, who concluded that element levels are sufficient for an adequate crop development, establishing a sufficient level from 75 to 125 mg of Kg⁻¹ of plant. The disease’s severity in this treatment was lower, this could be explained due to the adequate potassium content, since [30] , mention in a study done with strawberry plants that K deficiency can promote root exudate production, especially phenolic acids, which can not only inhibit the strawberry’s plant’s growth, but promote the F. oxysporum growth.

The greatest Ca content in tomato plants was found in treatment 93 (Table 6) which is made of Ca (207 mg∙L⁻¹), R3 FOL and BB variety, where 15 mg of Ca g⁻¹ of plant were obtained, such treatment showed a disease severity of 0.8 mean, this agrees with the report done by [31] , which establishes that from 10 to 30 mg of calcium g⁻¹ of plant, are sufficient levels so that the plant has an optimal development. The Ca increase is reported as an important event during the pathogen-host interaction inducing immune innate plant responses [32] , Ca acts as a structural element and promoter in the activation of some enzymes that participate in the defense against some pathogens and physiological disorders, according to [33] , calcium also drastically inhibits the polygalacturonate’s action, because the high levels of calcium in the cell apoplast generate a greater proportion

Treatments with different letter show significant difference Tukey α = 0.05.

Treatments with different letters show significant difference Tukey α = 0.05.

of pectates and therefore greater resistance to the wall disintegration; the Ca may act as amplifier of certain defense signals against the maturity spot and increase the speed response of the plant facing the incidence. Different scientific reports show the close relationship between the disease with the calcium deficiencies in drought seasons. The fertilization and the calcium behavior against the other soil nutrients are also incidental factors in the maturity spot, incidence that is reduced with calcium nitrate fertilizations [34] .

As it is observed in Figure 1 treatments 93 and 81 are made of 207 mg∙L⁻¹ Ca, R3 of FOL, BB variety, 0Ca, R3 and BB variety presented an 8.5% value of low severity index, this agrees with the results obtained by [35] , which found low severity levels of 10%, applying low levels of N 15 mg∙L⁻¹, while Delgado et al. (2016), obtained similar results in garlic showing that severity indexes oscillated between 2.25% to 3.5%. [36] obtained a severity index of 5% in chickpea that were inoculated with breed 5 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris.