Electronic detonators are widely used because of their advantages in real-time supervision of the whole life cycle (Zang, 2022). Due to the high requirements of the time difference synchronization between the electronic initiation system and the seismic wave recording system, the Electronic detonator has not been widely used for Seismic exploration (Yang, 2020). This paper expounds the systematic and scientific test method from the aspects of the comprehensive performance of electronic detonators for exploration, the compatibility between the electronic detonator initiation system and the geophysical blasting machine system, the constraints of the geophysical explosion-related collaborative Danling managment cloud platform, and the quality of data collected by electronic detonator blasting in wells., and based on the analysis of the test results, the problems that need to be improved in the application of electronic detonators and detonation systems in the large-scale production of geophysical prospecting industry are put forward.
Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting INC., China (BGP) carried out the research of two kinds of electronic detonators for exploration in April 2022, On-site system testing was carried out to study product stability and matching of practical results, and obtained reliable performance parameters of electronic detonators and composite initiation systems in seismic exploration, providing support for the promotion and application of electronic detonators.
Electronic control module placed inside the electronic detonator, with detonator detonation delay time control, detonation energy control function, built-in detonator identity information code and detonation password (Jiang, 2021; Deng & Zhang, 2020). The digital electronic detonator is intrinsically safe, with high delay time accuracy and detonation accuracy, which is conducive to the accurate control of the whole life cycle (
The seismic exploration excitation test work used a composite detonation system, the BoomBox remote detonation system (or shotproII) in the high-voltage output side of the electronic detonator detonation system, through a special circuit chip for the detonator, detonator UID number authentication, to ensure that the authorization of the civilian explosives network management platform to be able to detonate normally, with a certain time delay. The 2 types of detonators tested (
| serial number | BoomBox and Detonator | Detonators and handsets | Detonators and electronic detonators |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | cable connection | NA | cable connection |
| B | cable connection | Wifi + Bluetooth connection | cable connection |
Through the combination of the “Dan Lingyun” civil explosion information system and the electronic detonator initiation system APP, the life cycle flow monitoring of electronic detonators is realized. The whole process of digital management is implemented for the field use of electronic detonators. There are 6 main steps.
1) Log in the civil explosives information management platform of the public security agency, establish a blasting project, register the serial number of the detonator, set the blasting operation area (input the latitude and longitude coordinates), and complete the registration and filing of the detonator. Meanwhile Set up on the handheld, enter the construction unit and project name, operator account number and construction work scope, etc. Only authorized terminals can carry out corresponding blasting work.
2) Scan the QR code label of the electronic detonator with a handheld computer (or connect to the detonation network to read the identification code of the electronic chip), and enter and identify the serial number of the electronic detonator in batches.
3) Log in to the Danlingyun National Civil Explosions Information Management Platform, and apply for the activation code corresponding to the code of the electronic detonator within the specified period according to the authorization of the project contract (or apply for an extension of the validity period for the detonator that is about to expire).
4) Assemble the electronic detonator and shaped explosives and place them in the well, and then connect the detonation network. The detonation operation is carried out by using a special detonator and a matching password.
5) After the explosive explodes successfully, the handheld APP will generate a report file, including the code of the detonator, the excitation time, the responsible person, the location of the explosion point, etc., and upload it to the public security organ Danlingyun civil explosion information network service platform through the Internet. It has become an important file for the management of civil explosives in seismic exploration projects.
6) Through blasting license location and time control, registered blasting units, equipment and personnel authority management, electronic detonator use area distribution and actual usage report automation management, etc., the management of the whole process of using electronic detonators and other civilian explosives has been realized.
One Conventional electric detonators and two types of electronic detonators are used for testing, 4 items of testing is carried out, Include delay test, Capacity test, GDZ seismograph matching Test and seismic acquisition Testing (
Two kind of test schedule used for detonator Blast delay test.
First, connect the detonator with BoomBox2 and ShotPro Blast instrument, the Sercel 428 XL recording system send out and receive the time Break signal. The encoder and decoder communicate through the Motorola GM338 radio.
Second, independent Blast system connect the detonators.
The 428 XL instrument is set to the highest sampling interval of 0.25 ms, the filter mode is set to 8 LIN, and the refraction delay time is set to 0 ms.
The equipment connection is shown in
The electronic detonator trigger signal input and BoomBox2 (or ShotPro) decoder high-voltage terminals connected to the output of the detonator and connected to the electronic detonator. A thin signal wire (copper wire) twisted and cut flush front end, with tape tightly wrapped around the bottom of the electronic detonator 3 - 5 mm position, the two ends and 10 meters long gun wire connected. One lead of the gun wire to access the positive terminal of the battery
| No. | Test content | Remark |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Electronic Detonator Delay Test | Delay Must less than sample Rate 1 ms. |
| 2 | Electronic detonator carrying capacity test | 5 - 15 - 30 parallel excitation |
| 3 | Matching test with GDZ (24B)seismograph | Leakage test in water |
| 4 | Multi-shot Continuous Excitation Construction Stability and Data Quality Test | Matching of shaped explosives to carry out point and line tests |
with a voltage of about 12 V, the negative terminal of the battery and the other lead of the gun wire connected, the gun wire in series with two resistors, the two leads of one of the resistors to access the channel CH2 of the oscilloscope. channel CH1 of the oscilloscope to access the decoder high-voltage detonation signal, the channel CH2 is set to signal trigger record, that is, the signal line on the detonator ionization conductive jump signal trigger record (
This test uses BoomBox2, ShotPro explosive machine conventional mode, master-slave mode and autonomous excitation mode. The host of the 428 XL instrument issues ignition commands to complete the excitation of conventional electric detonators and type 2 electronic detonators respectively. One shot each time, 5 times each. Based on the wellhead detection record information, confirm the detonation delay of the single-shot electronic detonator. Test delay data acquisition: analyze the waveform diagram of the oscilloscope, and pick up the time difference of the jump signal when the signal line on the CH1 and CH2 channels is turned on (as shown in
Tests show that the conventional electric detonator releases from high voltage to detonation time within 72 - 121 µs; the electronic detonator releases from high voltage to detonation time within 167 - 255 µs, which is slightly longer than conventional electric detonators, but The delay time is less than the data sampling rate of seismic exploration, which meets the seismic acquisition requirements (SY-T 6734, 2014).
Multiple detonator connect together and shooting by Boombox Blaster at the same time, Blasting test order for 15 and 30 detonators, and one geophone is buried nearby and the seismic data just improve the excitation.
Test conclusion:
1) On-site inspection and wellhead record track information show that all electronic detonators are excitation (
2) The loading capacity of the electronic detonator excitation system reaches 30 pieces, which meets the construction requirements of complex seismic exploration.
For the low velocity layer survey, the detonator is placed in the water of downhole and connects with GDZ24B seismometer by low-voltage composite detonation system. Geophones were planted on the ground near the well head.
The seismic record showed that the first arrival is clear and indicating that the electronic detonator can be normally activated underwater, the detonation system meets the requirements of micro-logging operation (
In order to verify the matching of electronic detonators and shaped explosives
for seismic exploration, Field tests were carried out on the Peng’an-Xichong 3D seismic survey project. The Geometry contains two parallel receive lines and three parallel shot lines. Two types of digital detonators and one conventional electric detonators are used respectively, and 30 shots are fired each.
The main construction parameters are shown in
The Bandpass filter shown as follows. From left to right, it means Conventional electric detonator, type A and type B electronic detonators two by two. From top to bottom, the graph order is as fixed gain > AGC > 20 - 40 Hz > 30 - 60 Hz > 40 - 80 Hz > 50 - 100 Hz filter (
The graph below shows that the quality and energy of the data is equivalent (
| Geometry (m) | 6100 - 20 - 20 - 20 - 6100 | Receivers per line | 306 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shot space (m) | 40 | source line space (m) | 40 |
| Receiving space (m) | 40 | Receive line space (m) | 200 |
| record system | Node | record format | SEG-D |
| Low cut (Hz) | 0 | High cut Hz) | 400 |
| sampling rate (MS) | 1 | record length (ms) | 6000 |
| hole depth (m) | 12 | charge (kg) | 4 |
The brute stack profile of is as follows in
According to the line test brute stack section analysis (
It has been proved that the electronic detonator is stable and reliable and the seismic data shoot by electronica detonator meet the specifications. For efficient production organization, the following tips are recommended:
1) Aiming at the development trend of large-scale application of wireless node recorders, the GPS timing accuracy of the detonator terminal must be improved.
2) In terms of material procurement, only one kind of electronic detonator should be used for each project.
3) For the production organization, in view of the 5 km radius constraint of the Danlingyun platform, resources should be organized in blocks near the source points.
4) For the short period of validity of the detonator key, one special person should take responsibility of collect detonator Key once the production progress is blocked.
This paper is a demonstration of field test in Seismic Crew 259 of CNPC. Thanks to all colleagues who participated in the project!
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Du, J. G., Li, B., Yang, Z. X., Ding, P., Wu, S. X., & He, Y. C. (2023). Field Test Summary of Two Kinds of Electronic Detonator for Seismic Exploration. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 11, 315-326. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2023.113018