In this particular investigation, the removal of harmonics was carried out at a business that processed plastic. The working machine that is used is composed of electrical components that may be categorized as either linear load or non-linear load. A passive filter with a single tuning will be used to cut down on harmonics, as indicated by previous studies.

The assessments of the research object’s harmonic properties were carried out with the assistance of portable measurement instruments and a PCC panel. As a piece of measuring apparatus, we made use of a Metrel MI 2392 Power Q Plus Power Quality Analyzer. In order to get accurate readings from the research item, detailed observations on the PCC load were used. The results of the measurements are presented in Table 1, which may be accessed here.

In this study, it has been assumed that a load with three phases is balanced, although the analysis has only been performed on a single phase. As a direct consequence of this, the data that was utilized for calculating and analyzing was the result of measurements that were made during phase L1.

The R, L, and C filters were calculated in this study, to reduce the amount of current harmonics while still making use of the maximum possible current harmonics, which surpassed the harmonic constraints specified by the IEEE 519-1992 standard. The only harmonics of roughly the fifth order that need to be reduced are those. When evaluating the loads for all three stages, a balanced condition is assumed. As a consequence of this, modeling and analysis of the data are only carried out on a single phase, and phase L1 is the one that is selected.

To calculate the capacitor capacity (Q_c), the power factor is supposed to be enhanced from pf₁ = 0.94 to pf₂ = 0.99. As a harmonic filter is used, the capacitor capacity required must be calculated [15] :

Q c = P { tan ( cos − 1 p f 1 ) − tan ( cos − 1 p f 2 ) } (1)

The capacitor’s reactance (X_c) can be calculated as in Equation (2) and the capacitance of the capacitor (C) can be calculated as in Equation (3) [15] :

X C = V 2 Q C (2)

C = 1 2 π f 0 X C (3)

Equation (4) is used to calculate the inductor’s reactance (X_l), L can be calculated as in Equation (5), moreover the value of X_n can be calculated as Equation (6) [15] :

X L = X C h n 2 (4)

X L = w 0 L (5)

X n = X C X L (6)

Considering that the quality factor of a single passive filter (Q) is 100, the resistance (R) in the filter can be calculated as follows [15] :

R = X n Q (7)

Finally, the total harmonic distortion can be calculated as follows [15] :

T H D I = [ I r m s I 1 , r m s ] 2 − 1 (8)

According to the findings of the measurements, Figure 2 depicts a succession of simulated object research systems. Figure 2 shows a simulation of a circuit without a filter. Individual harmonics are displayed in Table 2 and Figure 3 of the circuit modelling results.

Table 2 illustrates the simulation results without the use of a harmonic filter; the respondents indicated current harmonic is 15.57 percent, which is 0.62 percent less than the true measurement of 14.95 percent. The simulation circuit of the state of the harmonics in the plastics business, which represents the subject of the research, is illustrated in Figure 2. Only the first five harmonic orders of the present IHD are shown to be much higher than the IEEE 519-1992 defined range of 14.97 percent, with the permissible limit being set at 7 percent. This is shown in Table 2.

Figure 4 is a representation of the circuit schematic that was created using

Matlab Simulation using a Single-tuned Passive Filter. The components R, L, and C are shown. In a manner analogous to that of the non-filtered simulation, a Single-tuned Passive filter simulation is carried out in a number of steps, and it is then completed by adding an RLC filter in parallel with the load. The RLC

value was calculated, and the findings revealed that it was equal to R = 0.0061939, C = 1027.8 F, and L = 0.3943 mH. This value was utilized for the function of the block parameter in the RLC filter.

The amplitude of a certain harmonic flow is shown in Table 3, which was produced as a consequence of current harmonic reduction achieved by simulation with a single-tuned passive filter. The results of modeling the removal of current harmonics using a single-tuned passive filter are presented in Table 3. This filter has the potential to reduce the overall percentage of current harmonics from 15.57 percent to 4.7793 percent. The results of the simulation show that the IEEE 519-1992 criteria for the whole IHD Order of harmonics have been satisfied when assessed from individual harmonic currents.

The waveform of the current that was generated by Matlab/Simulink with a single-tuned passive filter is displayed in Figure 5. The sinusoidal shape of the resultant waveform signal indicates that the distortion has been isolated from the present harmonic distortion.

The schematic representation of a Double Tuned Filter used in Matlab Simulation is shown in Figure 6. This filter consists of series components of R, L, and C, all of which are connected in series with parallel R, L, and C. The simulation of the Double Tuned Filter is carried out in a number of phases, much as the simulation of the non-filtered case, and then a double-tuned filter is added in parallel with the load. The RLC value has been determined and acquired by computation.

Table 4 is an illustration of the size of individual harmonic flow that occurs as a consequence of current harmonic reduction achieved by simulation utilizing a double-tuned filter. The results of modeling current harmonic reduction using a double-tuned filter are presented in Table 4. This filter may reduce total current harmonics from 15.57 percent to 4.82096 percent, therefore achieving the goal of current harmonic minimization. When looked at from the perspective of single harmonic currents, the results of the simulation show that the IEEE 519-1992 criteria has been satisfied by the whole IHD Order of harmonics.

Figure 7 is a representation of the current waveform that was generated by

Matlab/Simulink while using a double-tuned filter. This waveform demonstrates that the resultant signal has a sinusoidal shape, which is an indication that the system has been isolated from current harmonic interference.

Figure 8 depicts the Matlab Simulation circuit drawing employing a second-order damped filter with series components of C and parallel R, L. Second Order Damped Filter simulation is performed in numerous stages, similar to non-filtered simulation, and then augmented with second-order damped filter in tandem with the load. The RLC value was computed as follows:

The following values that are taken from the single-tuned filter are the same as what we need for the second-order damped filter:

X C = 3.0969423   Ω

C = 1027.8   μ F

X L = 0.12385692   Ω

L = 0.3943   mH

X n = 0.6193365278

If we assume that the quality factor of a single-tuned passive filter, denoted by Q, is equal to five, then we may compute the value of resistance, denoted by R, in the filter as follows [15] :

R = X n Q (9)

Then, R = 0.6193365278 × 5 = 3.096682639 Ω.

Table 5 displays the intensity of single harmonic flow as a result of current harmonic reduction by simulation using a second-order damped filter. Table 5 shows the results of modelling current harmonic elimination with a second-order damped filter, which may minimize overall current harmonics from 15.57 percent to 4.677307 percent. The simulation findings reveal that the complete IHD Order of harmonics has met the IEEE 519-1992 requirement when viewed from single harmonic currents.

Figure 9 is a depiction of the current waveform that was created using Matlab/second Simulink’s order damped. This waveform reveals that the resultant signal has a sinusoidal shape, which indicates that the system has been isolated from harmonic current interference.

Table 6 shows the final comparison between the three filters single-tuned passive filter, double-tuned filter and the second-order damped filter and non-filtered case. Since the filters were designed to overcome the fifth harmonic effect which does not match the IEE standards. The results for all filters satisfy the requirements and give almost similar results of harmonic mitigation; however, the second-order damped filter outperforms the other filters.