<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">OALibJ</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Open Access Library Journal</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2333-9705</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/oalib.1109075</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">OALibJ-121601</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biomedical&amp;Life Sciences</subject><subject> Business&amp;Economics</subject><subject> Chemistry&amp;Materials Science</subject><subject> Computer Science&amp;Communications</subject><subject> Earth&amp;Environmental Sciences</subject><subject> Engineering</subject><subject> Medicine&amp;Healthcare</subject><subject> Physics&amp;Mathematics</subject><subject> Social Sciences&amp;Humanities</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  Management of Orbital Tumors with 08 Cases at the Neurosurgery Department of Military Hospital in Rabat-Morocco
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zakaria</surname><given-names>Chandide Tlemcani</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Imad</surname><given-names>Sahri</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Driss</surname><given-names>Said</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jawad</surname><given-names>Laaguili</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Abad</surname><given-names>Cherif Asri</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Miloudi</surname><given-names>Gazzaz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Neurosurgery, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco</addr-line></aff><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>09</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>10</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>4,</day>	<month>July</month>	<year>2022</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>27,</day>	<month>November</month>	<year>2022</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>30,</day>	<month>November</month>	<year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  Orbital tumors are lesions that appear in the orbital craniofacial limits. To this end, teams of different ophthalmologist and neurosurgeon specialists provide the treatment of these tumors. We present here the experience of the neurosurgery department of the military hospital of Rabat in the management of these tumors. We retrospectively evaluated the records of 08 patients with orbital tumors, hospitalized in our neurosurgery department from January 2020 to December 2021. Results: In 06 patients, five different histological entities were observed, a transcranial approach was used for five patients, and only three underwent lateral orbitotomy, Postoperative results varied, depending on pathology, location and the extent of the tumors, as well as the approach. This study aims to review the place of neurosurgery in the management of orbital tumors as well as the important role that the neurosurgeon should play in the evaluation and treatment of this pathology.
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Orbital Tumors</kwd><kwd> Orbitotomy Lateral</kwd><kwd> Neurosurgery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>The orbital tumor is a rare but serious pathology, compromising the visual prognosis, and includes all benign and malignant tumors developed at the expense of the orbit [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref1">1</xref>]. It is present in a non-specific stereotyped clinical picture and the Imaging is essential to know the location, nature and repercussions of the orbital mass. Moreover, it has a great histological diversity due to the architectural complexity of the orbit [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref2">2</xref>]. The treatment consists of three axes; chemotherapy and radiotherapy surgery, the neurosurgeon is concerned with orbital tumors for several reasons. The purpose of this work is to assess the service experience in terms of care of this pathology, and to compare our results with those of the literature.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Materials and Methods</title><p>This is a Retrospective analysis of 08 cases of orbital Tumors treated between January 2020 and December 2021 at the Neurosurgery Department of Military Hospital in Rabat.</p><p>Different parameters were used from the medical records, from our neurosurgery department. A pre-established operating sheet produced for this purpose enabled the collection of epidemiological, clinical, para-clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary data. These parameters are then collected and analyzed.</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Results</title><p>During 2 years, we admitted 08 cases of orbital tumors to our department.</p><sec id="s3_1"><title>3.1. Sex Ratio</title><p>In our series, we had 03 female and 05 male (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="s3_2"><title>3.2. Age Repartition</title><p>The age distribution of our cases varies from 26 to 76 years with an average of 33.43 year</p></sec><sec id="s3_3"><title>3.3. Consultation Deadline</title><p>It is defined by the time elapsed between the first clinical sign and the diagnosis. It varied between 4 days and 02 years, with an average of 09 months.</p></sec><sec id="s3_4"><title>3.4. Clinical Exam</title><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref> shows the clinical appearance of redness with proptosis, ptosis of the left eye and subconjunctival hemorrhage. The majority of patients had proptosis as a clinical sign 75%, followed by other local inflammatory signs in 03 cases, then the decline in visual acuity, followed by orbital pain in 02 cases (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Figure 3</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="s3_5"><title>3.5. Imaging Finding</title><p>Imaging has a key role in the diagnosis and follow-up of orbital tumors, even if the definitive diagnosis remains histological exam. Six cases out of 08 or (75%) benefited from the couple CT, and fronto-orbital MRI. Moreover, an MRI was directly requested as first intention in 01 cases (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref>).</p><p>Lesions during orbital tumors are multiple and varied, we show you radiological aspects found in our patients in CT and MRI images (Figures 4-7).</p></sec><sec id="s3_6"><title>3.6. Surgery</title><p>All patients were operated (100%), and the choice of approach depended on the location of the tumor, the tumor volume and the histological type. we performed 03 lateral orbitotomies with bone removal and 05 cases by transcranial routes: 03</p><table-wrap id="table1" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref></label><caption><title> Distribution of imaging in our patients</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" >EXAM</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >FREQUENCY</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >PERCENTAGE</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ct-scan + MRI</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >06</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >75%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >CT SCAN</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >12.5%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >MRI</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >12.5%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >TOTAL</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >08</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >100%</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>cases by fronto-temporo-zygomatic approach and 02 cases of fronto-pterional approach (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig8">Figure 8</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig9">Figure 9</xref>).</p><p>The Optical Microscope was used for 06 cases and the Cryophobe device was used in 03 cases (cavernous hemangioma) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>0).</p></sec><sec id="s3_7"><title>3.7. Histological Findings</title><p>The histologic study was essential to confirm the definitive diagnostic of orbital tumors. We note in our series a predominance of cavernous hemangioma, representing 37.5% of cases (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table2">Table 2</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="s3_8"><title>3.8. Evolution</title><p>The postoperative follow-up was evaluated on the data of the last consultation recorded in writing by a doctor of the service on the file. The average follow-up is 06 months (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>1). The evolution was simple in 07 cases (87.5%), with one case of a bad scar.</p><p>Two patients were lost to follow-up, which made their long-term follow-up very difficult.</p></sec></sec><sec id="s4"><title>4. Discussion</title><sec id="s4_1"><title>4.1. Epidemiology</title><p>The average age of discovery of orbital tumors in the literature varies between 51</p><table-wrap id="table2" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table2">Table 2</xref></label><caption><title> Distribution of histological diagnoses</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" >Tumor Type</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Number of Cases</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Percentage</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cavernous Hemangioma</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >03</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >37.5%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mucocele</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >02</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >25%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ossifying Fibroma</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >12.5%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Spheno Orbital Meningioma</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >12.5%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Pleomorphic Adenoma</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >01</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >12.5%</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>and 75 years (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table3">Table 3</xref>). However, in our series we found an average age very young.</p><p>The male predominance in our series is explained by the fact that our patients are essentially soldiers, most often men.</p></sec><sec id="s4_2"><title>4.2. Clinical Finding</title><p>The clinical symptomatology is largely dominated by proptosis, which constitutes 95.24%, 97%, 62.96% of the reasons for consultations in several series: CHAOUI [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref4">4</xref>], BARHDADI [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref5">5</xref>] and BELMEKKI [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref6">6</xref>], respectively, thus concurring with the results found in our study (75%). It can be isolated or associated with other clinical signs (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table4">Table 4</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="s4_3"><title>4.3. Radiological Finding</title><p>Both MRI and CT are effective examinations for detecting orbital lesions [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref7">7</xref>]. The MRI has become by far the most widely used in the evaluation of orbital tumors since its appearance in 1983. In our study, we found that 87.5% of patients benefited from CT against 75% who had MRI; this showed that despite the place of MRI in orbital pathology it has not dethroned the scanner (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table5">Table 5</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="s4_4"><title>4.4. Surgery</title><p>The choice of the surgical approach is carefully discussed according to many criteria: clinical, topographical and histology. Wide, sub-frontal pathways with removal of the superior or pterional orbital rim will be chosen for surgery for sphenorbital meningioma, fibrous histiocytomas, lymphangiomas and smaller pathways with lateral or posterolateral orbitotomy, for tumor surgery lacrimal gland, cavernous hemangiomas, or other well-circumscribed tumors such as schwannomas [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref10">10</xref>].</p><p>Cavernous hemangioma: 02 cases were operated by lateral orbitotomy and 01 case by fronto-temporo-zygomatic flap, in two cases, the excision was complete on bloc, and one case the excision was considered subtotal (with 06-month control MRI showing a small fragment of 5 mm).</p><p>Mucocele: (02 cases) the treatment consisted on the evacuation of the contents and resection of the shell of the tumor while trying to restore the ventilation of the sinus, the choice of the fronto pterional approach was chosen to be the most</p><table-wrap id="table3" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table3">Table 3</xref></label><caption><title> Distribution according to the mean age of onset in the literature</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" >Series</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Average Age</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Levecq [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref1">1</xref>]</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >52 years</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Shields [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref2">2</xref>]</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >60 y</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Bihan [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref3">3</xref>]</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Between 51 and 75</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Our Serie</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >33 years</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="table4" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table4">Table 4</xref></label><caption><title> Comparison of the clinical results of our series with the literature</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" ></th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Proptosis</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Decreased Visual</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Orbital Pain</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Occulomotricity Trouble</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Inflam. Signs</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Chaoui [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref4">4</xref>]</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >95.24%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >71.43%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >9.52%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >9.52%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >23.8%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Barhdadi [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref5">5</xref>]</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >97%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >79.6%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >____</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >57.8%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >____</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Belmekki [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref6">6</xref>]</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >62.96%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >14.81%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >25.92%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >25.92%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >_____</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Our Series</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >75%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >25%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >25%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >25%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >37.5%</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="table5" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table5">Table 5</xref></label><caption><title> Comparison of imaging used in our series with those from other national studies</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" >Series</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Chaoui</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Ait Benali [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref8">8</xref>]</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Madaidou [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref9">9</xref>]</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Our Series</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >CT performed</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >90.47% of patients</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >86.95% of patients</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >All patients</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >87.5% of patients</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >MRI performed</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >52.38% of patients</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >34.78% of patients</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >_____</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >75% des patients</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>radical and to avoid recurrence.</p><p>Spheno-orbital meningioma: one case was approached by frontopteriontemporal flap, with resection Simpson 2, and we noticed a spectacular regression of clinical signs.</p><p>Ossifying fibroma: we had a single case operated by frontopterional flap with resection of the frontal bone and the tumor in its entirety then we completed the gesture by cranioplasty in a month.</p><p>Pleomorphic adenoma: we had one case of this benign tumor located in superolateral and it was totally resected by a lateral orbitotomy was the ideal approach with regression of the proptosis.</p></sec><sec id="s4_5"><title>4.5. Histological Results</title><p>In the neurosurgical series, tumors originating from the nervous system and the meninges are in the lead (30% to 50%), followed by vascular tumors in second place (15% to 20%). In third position, tumors of ENT origin (10% to 15%). In our modest study, vascular tumors (cavernous hemangioma) are in the lead (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table6">Table 6</xref>).</p><table-wrap id="table6" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table6">Table 6</xref></label><caption><title> Comparison our histological result with other studies results</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" ></th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Lariboisi&#232;re [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.121601-ref11">11</xref>]</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Chaoui</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Notre &#233;tude</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Vascular tumors (cavernous hemangioma)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >19%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >38.09%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >37.5%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Nervous system and meningeal tumors</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >31%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >38.09%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >12.5%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Primitive orbital walls (ossifying fibroma)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >6%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4.76%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >12.5%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Tm and ENT masses (mucocele)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >9%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4.76%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >25%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Tm of the lacrimal gland (pleomorphic adenoma)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >____</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >12.5%</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s4_6"><title>4.6. Prognosis</title><p>The prognosis of orbital tumors is dominated by the histological nature and intracranial extension and at the base of the skull; it depends to the topography of the tumor and the importance of the invasion and the suffering of the optic nerve, and finally by the precocity and the quality of the care.</p><p>In our study, the prognosis was very good, with few complications.</p></sec></sec><sec id="s5"><title>5. Conclusions</title><p>Understanding orbital tumors are imperative to designing appropriate management and achieving optimal outcomes, and a good mastery of the approaches to the orbit gives excellent functional results and little morbidity.</p><p>The aim of our study was to present the experience of our service and to show the place of neurosurgery in the management of orbital tumors even if this management sometimes requires very close multidisciplinary collaboration.</p></sec><sec id="s6"><title>Conflicts of Interest</title><p>The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p></sec><sec id="s7"><title>Cite this paper</title><p>Tlemcani, Z.C., Sahri, I., Said, D., Laaguili, J., Asri, A.C. and Gazzaz, M. (2022) Management of Orbital Tumors with 08 Cases at the Neurosurgery Department of Military Hospital in Rabat- Morocco. 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