Background: In subjects on CAPD who use icodextrin for long night dwell, it has been recommended that nocturnal exchange be replaced by dextrose dwell whenever PET is to be performed as preceding exchange with icodextrin temporarily increases peritoneal membrane permeability and therefore, gives high D/PCr and low D/D 0 glucose values. Whether this temporary change is also seen with use of Uni-PET (which involves one hour dwell of 1.5% dextrose followed by 4-hour dwell of 4.25% dextrose) is not known. Methods: In this self, controlled study, subjects on CAPD, who were using icodextrin for long nocturnal dwell for at least 3 months, were screened for enrolment. Pregnancy or lactation, history of any PD related infectious complication in the past one month, present or past malignancy, and poor functional status were exclusion criteria. Enrolled subjects underwent classic PET with preceding 2.5% dextrose long nocturnal dwell on day 1 followed by Uni-PET with preceding 7.5% icodextrin long nocturnal dwell on day 2. Difference in D/PCr and D/D0 glucose between the two PETs was primary objectives. The study was approved by Institute Ethics Committee. Results: 15 out of 26 screened subjects were enrolled over a period of 18 months (July 2015-December 2016). The mean (±SD) age of study population was 60.8±9.1 years. Majority were males and diabetes was the most common cause of CKD. Mean D/PCr were 0.68 ± 0.11 and 0.64 ± 0.08 in classic PET and Uni-PET, respectively. The difference between the two values was not significant [mean difference between D/PCr (classic PET-Uni-PET): 0.040 ± 0.86; 95% CI (-0.007 to 0.088); p = 0.09]. Similarly, D/D 0 glucose between classic PET and Uni-PET was also similar [mean difference between D/D0 glucose (classic PET-Uni-PET): -0.02 ± 0.09; 95% CI (-0.06 to 0.03); p = 0.448]. Conclusion: Peritoneal membrane small solute transport characteristics in Uni-PET with preceding icodextrin dwell are similar to classic PET with preceding glucose dwell. If Uni-PET is used, it may not be necessary to replace preceding nocturnal exchange of icodextrin with that of dextrose as is currently advised.
Peritoneal equilibration test (PET) is a semi-quantitative assessment of peritoneal membrane transport function in patients on peritoneal dialysis [
Primary objective of study was to find difference in D/PCreat (Ratio between dialysate Creatinine concentration at the end of the test and Creatinine concentration in the plasma)with Uni-PET (with temporary drain) with preceding 7.5% icodextrin 10 hour dwell versus classic PET (2.5% dextrose) with preceding 2.5% dextrose 10 hour dwell in patients on CAPD. Secondary objective was to find difference in D/D0 glucose(Ratio between dialysate glucose concentration at the end of test and fresh glucose solution) with Uni-PET (with temporary drain) with preceding 7.5% icodextrin 10 hour dwell versus classic PET (2.5% dextrose) with preceding 2.5% dextrose 10 hour dwell in patients on CAPD (Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis).
Study design
A Prospective diagnostic test study was conducted in peritoneal dialysis care unit, Department of Nephrology, PGIMER, Chandigarh.
Inclusion criteria: 1) Age between 18 - 70 years, 2) On CAPD as peritoneal dialysis modality, 3) Use of 7.5% icodextrin for the daily long night dwell for ≥3 months.
Exclusion criteria: 1) Pregnancy and lactation, 2) History of any PD related Infectious complication in last 1 month, 3) Active malignancy, 4) Poor functional status (NYHA functional class 3 or 4 as shown in
Each subject was admitted for at least 3 days in the PD care unit for the purpose of this study. At baseline (day 1), routine hematological and biochemical investigations were done for every patient. The patient used 2.5% dextrose based PD solution for the long night dwell of 10 hours on day 1 of admission. Thereafter, on day 2 of admission, a 4 hour classic PET with 2.5% dextrose solution was done. The patient used 7.5% icodextrin based PD solution for the long night dwell of 10 hours on day 2 of admission. On day 3 of admission, a 5 hour Uni-PET (with temporary drain) was done. 2.5% dextrose classic PET was used as reference test. Descriptive statistics were used to describe characteristics of the study population, change in D/P creat and D/D0 glucose was compared using student T test, all P values were two tailed and significant when < 0.05. As this was a pilot study investigating the result of Uni-PET as compared to classic PET, no formal sample size calculation was required.
102 cases were assessed for eligibility, and 15 participants were recruited, Mean age of patients was 60.8 ± 9.1 years, 66.7% were males (
Additional outcomes with Uni-PET were mean sodium sieving of 6.7 ± 3 mmol/L, mean free water transport of 122.4 ± 65.9 mL and mean osmotic conductance of glucose of 9.1 ± 10.8 µl/min/mmHg.
| Characteristics | f(%)/Mean ± SD |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60.8 ± 9.1 |
| Gender Male Female | 10 (66.7) 05 (33.3) |
| Duration of being on dialysis (months) | 44.2 ± 38 |
| Duration of CAPD (months) | 37.2 ± 32.4 |
| Duration of icodextrin use (months) | 34.0 ± 30.6 |
| Average 24 hrs urine output (ml) | 184 ± 194.8 (0-500) |
| Average 24 hrs Ultrafiltration (ml) | 1070 ± 352.4 |
| Blood pressure Systolic BP (mmHg) Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 146.5 ± 15.5 87.6±7.5 |
| Hemoglobin (gm%) | 10 ± 0.9 |
| Blood sugar (mg/dl) Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) Post Prandial Blood Glucose (mg/dl) | 111 ± 15 181.5 ± 29.4 |
| Serum urea (mg/dl) | 103 ± 24.3 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 7.0 ± 3.2 |
| Serum albumin (gm/dl) | 3.2 ± 0.4 |
| Serum calcium (mg/dl) | 8.8 ± 0.27 |
| Serum phosphorus (mg/dl) | 5.7 ± 0.78 |
| Serum sodium (mg/dl) | 140 ± 3.6 |
| Serum potassium (mg/dl) | 3.9 ± 0.3 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 176 ±19.4 |
| Variables | 2.5% dextrose classic PET | 7.5% icodextrin Uni-PET | Paired differences | t-value (p-value) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | 95% confidence interval | |||
| Lower | Upper | |||||
| Total volume drained after overnight dwell (mL) | 2526.6 ± 292 | 2766.6 ± 336.7 | −240 ± 156.5 | −326.66 | −153.35 | −5.94 (<0.001) |
| D/PCreat at the end of test | 0.68 ± 0.11 | 0.64 ± 0.08 | 0.040 ± 0.86 | −0.007 | 0.088 | 1.7 (0.09) |
| D/Do glucose at the end of test | 0.33 ± 0.11 | 0.34 ± 0.12 | −0.02 ± 0.09 | −0.06 | 0.03 | 0.781 (0.448) |
| Total Ultrafiltration drained at the end of test (mL) | 236.6 ± 138 | 453.3 ± 192 | −216.67 ± 195.18 | −324.75 | −108.58 | 0.338 (0.001) |
When PET was performed after the preceding dwell with icodextrin solution, peritoneal transport rates of creatinine, phosphate and glucose increased faster compared with PET performed with 1.5%/2.5% glucose solution night dwell [
In patients using icodextrin night dwell even flushing the peritoneal cavity twice with 2.5% glucose solution before PET did not change the peritoneal membrane characteristics and there was increased D/PCreat. This observation suggests that increased membrane permeability charaterstics are not just due to residual volume of icodextrin or transient inflammation. 1.5% dextrose for 1 hour, done as the first step of Uni-PET probably nullifies the effect of residual volume of icodextrin and transient inflammation triggered by icodextrin night dwell, which is why probably in this study D/Pcreat was almost similar in both the groups.
This study also showed that there was no significant difference in D/D0 glucose between Uni-PET with preceding 7.5% icodextrin 10 hour dwell and classic PET with preceding 2.5% dextrose 10 hour dwell in patients on CAPD. Although the mechanisms of these events are unclear, the results suggest that icodextrin induces intraperitoneal inflammation.
In peritoneal dialysis subjects using icodextrin, peritoneal membrane small solute transport characteristics in Uni-PET with preceding icodextrin dwell are similar to classic PET with preceding glucose dwell. If Uni-PET is used, it may not be necessary to replace preceding nocturnal exchange of icodextrin with that of dextrose as is currently advised.
In patients using CAPD as modality for renal replacement therapy and using Icodextrin dialysate solution for night dwell, peritoneal membrane small solute transport characteristics in Uni-PET with preceding Icodextrin dwell are similar to Classic PET with preceding glucose dwell. If Uni-PET is used, it may not be necessary to replace preceding nocturnal exchange of Icodextrin with that of dextrose.
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Vohra, G. (2021) Peritoneal Membrane Transport Characteristics in Uni-PET with Preceding Icodextrin Dwell as Compared to Classic PET with Preceding Glucose Dwell: A Prospective Study. Open Journal of Nephrology, 11, 516-522. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojneph.2021.114044