In recent years, the problem of aging is becoming more and more serious, which is the core problem of the whole society. Through the research of elderly care enterprises in Chongqing, we find that there are 17 regional elderly care enterprise clusters in Chongqing. Through the further analysis of the data within the cluster, it is found that the areas with high concentration of elderly care enterprises cluster are mainly reflected in the large number and large scale, but the industrial richness is not high; while the regions with higher industrial cluster richness belong to small-scale industrial clusters.
In recent years, the issue of aging has become the focus of attention of the whole society. China’s aging has a series of characteristics, such as rapid entry, large base, rapid growth (Yan, Huang, & Zheng, 2021). By the end of 2019, there are 254 million elderly people over 60 years old in China, accounting for 18.1% of the total population; and there are 718.94 elderly people aged 60 and above in Chongqing, accounting for 21.12% of the total population (Chongqing Statistical Information Network, 2019). Therefore, the development of elderly care enterprises is a concern of the whole society (Mu, 2012; Song, Zhao, & Wang, 2018). According to the general research, the elderly care enterprises cover a large number of fields, which integrates the production, operation and service of elderly care products, and spans the first, second, third and fourth (Information Industry) industries (Zhai, 2013). The elderly care enterprises cluster refers to a large number of enterprises with different scales and grades with division and cooperation relationship in a certain space area, and various institutions, organizations and other actors related to their development and they are closely linked together through crisscross network relations, representing a new elderly care between the market and the hierarchic Organizational form (Xu, 2013). There are also relevant studies on the elderly care enterprises cluster from the perspective of coordinated development of elderly care community, elderly care complex, elderly care enterprises and medical insurance industry (Yan, 2008), but on the whole, there is a lack of research on the industry cluster from the overall macro perspective. He & Li (2020) studies the cluster of Chinese elderly care enterprises from the perspective of theoretical analysis, but lacks specific data.
This research uses the data provided by the “Enterprise Check” software to sort out the number, location, registered capital, and operating field information of Chongqing’s elderly care enterprises, and then uses ArcGIS to analyze the spatial distribution of elderly care enterprises and perform related calculations. Get. Through the analysis of the spatial pattern and industry distribution of Chongqing’s elderly care enterprises, further research is carried out on the richness, scale, advantageous industries, age and other characteristics of the elderly care industry clusters in order to discover the characteristics and deficiencies of the industrial clusters of Chongqing elderly care enterprises
From the distribution of districts and counties, elderly care enterprises are mainly concentrated in the nine districts of the main city and Jiangjin district. The districts and counties with more than 300 enterprises are Yubei District, Jiulongpo District, Shapingba District, Jiangbei District, Yuzhong District, Nan’an District and Jiangjin district. By analyzing the spatial distribution of elderly care enterprises in Chongqing with ArcGIS (
As shown in the the core density map of Chongqing elderly care enterprises (
According to the current registered business scope, elderly care enterprises can be divided into 20 industries, including real estate industry, residential service industry, elderly care institutions, financial industry, transportation industry, catering and accommodation industry, wholesale and retail, health and social
work, leasing and business services. Among them, more than 1000 enterprises are engaged in leasing and business services, elderly care institutions, health and social work (
In ecology, Simpson diversity index is usually used to describe the biodiversity of
| category | number | category | number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mining industry | 4 | Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery | 462 |
| Electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industry | 6 | Wholesale and retail | 980 |
| estate | 312 | Water conservancy, environment and public facilities management | 82 |
| Public administration, social security and social organization | 4 | Health and social work | 1712 |
| construction business | 108 | Culture, sports and entertainment | 115 |
| Transportation, warehousing and postal services | 14 | Information transmission, software and information technology services | 209 |
| education | 29 | Nursing homes and services | 1106 |
| finance | 39 | manufacturing industry | 80 |
| Residential services, repair and other services | 822 | Accommodation and catering | 140 |
| Scientific research and technical services | 216 | Leasing and business services | 1166 |
| total | 7606 |
a region. According to the calculation formula of Simpson diversity index, the formula for evaluating the industrial richness of a region is derived as follows,
D = ∑ i = 1 k n i ( n i − 1 ) N ( N − 1 ) ,
where, D is the richness index, K is the number of enterprise categories, I is the type I enterprises, ni is the number of type I enterprises in the region, and N is the total number of enterprises in the region. The higher the value of D, the lower the regional industrial cluster richness; conversely, the higher the regional industrial cluster richness.
The results are shown in
According to the comparison of the number and richness index of enterprises in different regions, it can be seen that the industrial cluster richness of Kaizhou cluster, Zhongxian cluster, Yongchuan and Shapingba cluster is low, while that of Qijiang cluster, Dianjiang, Banan, Fuling, Yubei, Yubei-Jiangbei and Yuzhong cluster is reallyhigh.
The total amount of registered capital of elderly care enterprises in each cluster area is obtained by summation calculation, as shown in
| Kaizhou gathering area | Wanzhou gathering area | Hechuan gathering area | Beibei gathering area | Yubei gathering area | Yubei Jiangbei gathering area | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Richness index | 0.2159 | 0.1899 | 0.1474 | 0.1471 | 0.1311 | 0.1298 |
| Shapingba gathering area | Banan gathering area | Yongchuan gathering area | Jiulongpo Jiangjin gathering area | Dianjiang gathering area | Zhongxian gathering area | |
| Richness index | 0.1852 | 0.1311 | 0.1818 | 0.1422 | 0.1262 | 0.2651 |
| Fengdu gathering area | Fuling gathering area | Nanchuan gathering area | Qijiang gathering area | Yuzhong gathering area | ||
| Richness index | 0.1778 | 0.1331 | 0.1444 | 0.1111 | 0.1341 |
| Kaizhou gathering area | Wanzhou gathering area | Hechuan gathering area | Beibei gathering area | Yubei gathering area | Yubei Jiangbei gathering area | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | 43 | 45 | 75 | 30 | 61 | 115 |
| Registered capital (RMB 10,000) | 51,221.0 | 314,464.3 | 257,769.1 | 23,041.5 | 217,717.0 | 491,569.5 |
| Shapingba gathering area | Banan gathering area | Yongchuan gathering area | Jiulongpo Jiangjin gathering area | Dianjiang gathering area | Zhongxian gathering area | |
| number | 28 | 35 | 34 | 78 | 26 | 36 |
| Registered capital (RMB 10,000) | 17,199.0 | 9047.0 | 18,733.0 | 123,876.0 | 54,818.1 | 92,561.0 |
| Fengdu gathering area | Fuling gathering area | Nanchuan gathering area | Qijiang gathering area | Yuzhong gathering area | ||
| number | 38 | 63 | 101 | 28 | 2094 | |
| Registered capital (RMB 10,000) | 51,353.0 | 39,520.7 | 640,597.0 | 274,145.2 | 5,480,068.7 |
According to the establishment date of elderly care enterprises in each cluster area, the operation duration of elderly care enterprises is calculated, and the average operation time of elderly care enterprises in each cluster area is calculated to obtain the average age of elderly care enterprises in each cluster area, as shown in
According to the number of various elderly care enterprises and the total number of enterprises in each cluster area, the percentage of various elderly care enterprises in each cluster area is obtained, and the advantage enterprises in each cluster area are compared, as shown in
| Kaizhou gathering area | Wanzhou gathering area | Hechuan gathering area | Beibei gathering area | Yubei gathering area | Yubei Jiangbei gathering area | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average age of enterprise | 3.1 | 5.8 | 4 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.7 |
| Shapingba gathering area | Banan gathering area | Yongchuan gathering area | Jiulongpo Jiangjin gathering area | Dianjiang gathering area | Zhongxian gathering area | |
| Average age of enterprise | 4.7 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 4.2 |
| Fengdu gathering area | Fuling gathering area | Nanchuan gathering area | Qijiang gathering area | Yuzhong gathering area | ||
| Average age of enterprise | 3.3 | 6.1 | 4.2 | 5.9 | 3.8 |
| Kaizhou gathering area | Wanzhou gathering area | Hechuan gathering area | Beibei gathering area | Yubei gathering area | Yubei Jiangbei gathering area | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Advantageous enterprises | 1) Health and social work | 1) Residential services, repair and other services 2) Health and social work | 1) Health and social work 2) Residential services, repair and other services | 1) Health and social work 2) Nursing homes and services | 1) Health and social work | 1) Leasing and business services |
| Shapingba gathering area | Banan gathering area | Yongchuan gathering area | Jiulongpo Jiangjin gathering area | Dianjiang gathering area | Zhongxian gathering area | |
| Advantageous enterprises | 1) Health and social work 2) Residential services, repair and other services | 1) Health and social work | 1) Health and social work | 1) Health and social work | 1) Leasing and business services | 1) Health and social work |
| Fengdu gathering area | Fuling gathering area | Nanchuan gathering area | Qijiang gathering area | Yuzhong gathering area | ||
| Advantageous enterprises | 1) Health and social work | 1) Health and social work 2) Nursing homes and services | 1) Health and social work | 1) Health and social work | 1) Leasing and business services |
repair and other services, leasing and business services, as well as nursing homes and elderly care service enterprises. Among them, health and social work enterprises have the greatest advantages, followed by residential services, repair and other services, which also shows that the elderly people attach importance to physical and life services.
Elderly care enterprise is an important industry around the cause of aging, so the reasonable distribution and cluster of elderly care enterprises is very important. At present, the distribution of elderly care enterprises in Chongqing is closely related to the degree of urbanization. Generally speaking, the higher the degree of urbanization, there are more elderly care industries. This is because there are more demands for elderly care in the regions with higher industrialization level or more developed economy. Therefore, there are more elderly care Enterprises around these areas.
From the perspective of the distribution of elderly care clusters, the current elderly care industry clusters in Chongqing are more prominent in Yubei-Jiangbei Aggregation Area and Yuzhong District. Their overall characteristics are the large number of elderly care enterprises, the large scale, high abundance and industrial age is reasonable. The industrial cluster in Yuzhong District is a social resource-driven industrial cluster, which not only has a rich aging market and old-age social enterprises, but also cultivates emerging old-age technology enterprises. Yubei-Jiangbei agglomeration area is a very new cluster, which belongs to science and technology. Resource-derived-driven industrial cluster, which uses the technological advantages of high-tech enterprises to develop into the elderly care market. The two elderly care industry clusters are both located in the main urban area, but there are still some shortcomings in the development of other districts and counties. The elderly care industry clusters in these districts and counties are usually industrial clusters formed on the basis of the original social resources. Not only are they small in scale, but also low in abundance, making it difficult to give full play to their industrial advantages. Therefore, for this part of the industrial clusters, some supporting industries should be developed in a targeted manner to broaden the richness of industries and improve industrial efficiency.
The innovation of this research lies in the following two points: First, the analysis of geographic information and data is carried out on the elderly care industry clusters, while the traditional research on the elderly care industry often lacks data; second, the evaluation indicators such as richness are proposed.
Since the elderly care industry does not have a completely consistent concept, the classification of the elderly care industry clusters in this study is still relatively rough. In further research, we can consider further and better division of the elderly care industry, as well as the combination of fields, such as the combination of medical care and elderly care. Combination of real estate and elderly care, etc.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Hui, H., & Liao, L. Y. (2021). Research on the Characteristics of Chongqing Elderly Care Enterprises Cluster. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 11, 321-328. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2021.114020