<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">NS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Natural Science</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2150-4091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/ns.2021.133006</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">NS-107807</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biomedical&amp;Life Sciences</subject><subject> Chemistry&amp;Materials Science</subject><subject> Earth&amp;Environmental Sciences</subject><subject> Medicine&amp;Healthcare</subject><subject> Physics&amp;Mathematics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  The Remarkable Impacts of Gordon Life Science Institute
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kuo-Chen</surname><given-names>Chou</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sub>1</sub></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Gordon Life Science Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02478, United States of America</addr-line></aff><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>03</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>15,</day>	<month>February</month>	<year>2021</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>15,</day>	<month>March</month>	<year>2021</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>18,</day>	<month>March</month>	<year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  In this review paper, the remarkable impacts of the first Internet Institute, the Gordon Life Science Institute, as well as its profound and far-reaching influence have been systematically and comprehensively presented.
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Internet Institute</kwd><kwd> Door-Opening Policy</kwd><kwd> Mankind Common Benefit</kwd><kwd> Epidemic-Controlling</kwd><kwd> Economy-Booming Stimulus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. INTRODUCTION</title><p>Founded by Professor Dr. Kuo-Chen Chou, the Gordon Life Science Institute is the first internet institute ever established in the world. It is instructive and intrigued to briefly recall a story.</p><p>Because the subtle relation with his own mother and Buddha, Mao Zedong, the dictator and head of Chinese Communist party, had completely closed China’s door from 1949 to 1976, seriously hurting China’s economy development. Fortunately, things were changed. After the “Cultural Revolution” developed by Mao Zedong had been smashed, China had was under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, who had clearly pointed out, “open up its door” would be the key and foundation for China’s economic development. Ever since then, China has been starting economically expanding, and has become the second richest country next to USA only.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. GROWING-UP AND STRONGLY ESTABLISHED</title><p>As a consequence of the “door open” policy and practice, Prof. Dr. Chou was invited by Professor Sture Fors&#233;n, the then “Chairman of Nobel Prize Committee”, to work in Chemical Center of Lund University as a Visiting Professor. It was very difficult for Swedish people to pronounce “Kuo-Chen Chou”. In order for his Swedish colleagues and friends easier to call his name, Prof. Dr. Chou changed “Gordon” as his name in Sweden. In 2003, about 25 years later, the same name was used for the Institute, meaning that Deng Xiaoping’s policy can stimulate a lot of great creativities, as indicated by the enormous achievements [1-520].</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. SOME FACTS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS</title><p>The Institute has achieved many fruits in science. Listed below are just a few.</p><p>1) Graphical rules for enzyme-catalyzed rate laws.</p><p>2) The biological functions of low-frequency phonons.</p><p>3) Diffusion-Controlled Reactions of Enzymes.</p><p>4) The origin of the right-handed twist of beta-sheets.</p><p>5) Energetics of Multihelix Interactions in Protein</p><p>6) Study of the Cavity-Active-Site of Enzymes.</p><p>7) Prediction of membrane protein types and subcellular locations.</p><p>8) Binding mechanism of coronavirus main proteinase with ligands and its implication to drug design against SARS.</p><p>9) Identify HIV protease cleavage site.</p><p>10) Propose pseudo amino acid composition.</p><p>Proposing the 5-steps rule [418,419,422,502,525-548].</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>4. CONCLUSIVE REMARKS</title><p>It is really awesome and amazing for the Internet Institute to achieve such great achievements during so short period of time, fully indicating “the community with a shared future for mankind” (i.e., “人类命运共同体”), the philosophy of Xi Jinping is indeed very wise. Particularly, the internet institute is working in different countries or areas, and it is very useful to deal with epidemic (see, e.g., [513,516,520]). Up to March 2019, the Institute has 26 members. Among them, 5 have been selected by Thompson Reuter and Clarivate Analytics as the “Highly Cited Researcher”. Accordingly, it would not be surprised to see that five members of Gordon Life Scientist have been selected by Clarivate Analytics as Highly Cited Researcher (HCR) (https://hcr.clarivate.com/resources/archived-lists/), indicating that, based on the ratio of HCR per member, the “Gordon Life Science Institute” is far beyond the reach of the “Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT”, becoming the very top in the world.</p><p>It is anticipated that more remarkable and fantastic accomplishments will be achieved by the Gordon Life Science Institute for many years to come.</p></sec><sec id="s5"><title>CONFLICTS OF INTEREST</title><p>The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.</p></sec><sec id="s6"><title>REFERENCES</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.107807-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.D. Cai, X.J. Liu, X.B. Xu, K.C. 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Chou, Origin of low-frequency motion in biological macromolecules: A view of recent progress of quasi-continuity model, Biophysical Chemistry, 25 (1986) 105-116.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref48"><label>48</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Y.S. Kiang, The biological functions of low-frequency phonons: 5. A phenomenological theory, Biophysical Chemistry, 22 (1985) 219-235.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref49"><label>49</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Prediction of a low-frequency mode in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor molecule, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 7 (1985) 77-80.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref50"><label>50</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Low-frequency motions in protein molecules: beta-sheet and beta-barrel, Biophys. J., 48 (1985) 289-297.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref51"><label>51</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Low-frequency vibrations of DNA molecules, Biochem. J., 221 (1984) 27-31.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref52"><label>52</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The biological functions of low-frequency phonons. 4. Resonance effects and allosteric transition, Biophysical Chemistry, 20 (1984) 61-71.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref53"><label>53</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Biological functions of low-frequency vibrations (phonons). 3. Helical structures and microenvironment, Biophys. J., 45 (1984) 881-889.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref54"><label>54</label><mixed-citation publication-type="book" xlink:type="simple">H.M. Sobell, A. Baberjee, E.D. Lozansky, G.P. Zhou, K.C. 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Chou, A new graphical rule for rate laws of enzyme reactions with branched pathways, Canadian Journal of Biochemistry, 59 (1981) 757-761.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref65"><label>65</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Two new schematic rules for rate laws of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, J. Theor. Biol., 89 (1981) 581-592.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref66"><label>66</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, D. Jones, R.L. Heinrikson, Prediction of the tertiary structure and substrate binding site of caspase-8, FEBS Lett., 419 (1997) 49-54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref67"><label>67</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, R.L. Heinrikson, Prediction of the tertiary structure of the complement control protein module, J. Protein Chem., 16 (1997) 765-773.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref68"><label>68</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, J.R. Blinn, Classification and prediction of beta-turn types, J. Protein Chem., 16 (1997) 575-595.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref69"><label>69</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Prediction and classification of alpha-turn types, Biopolymers, 42 (1997) 837-853.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref70"><label>70</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Prediction of beta-turns in proteins, Journal of Peptide Research, 49 (1997) 120-144.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref71"><label>71</label><mixed-citation publication-type="book" xlink:type="simple">G.M. Maggiora, C.T. Zhang, K.C. Chou, D.W. Elrod, Combining fuzzy clustering and neural networks to predict protein structural classes, in: J. Devillers (Ed.) in Neural Networks in QSAR and Drug Design, Academic Press, London, 1996, pp. 255-279.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref72"><label>72</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, C.T. Zhang, D.W. Elrod, Do antisense proteins exist?, J. Protein Chem., 15 (1996) 59-61.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref73"><label>73</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, A.L. Tomasselli, I.M. Reardon, R.L. Heinrikson, Predicting HIV protease cleavage sites in proteins by a discriminant function method, Proteins: Struct., Funct., Genet., 24 (1996) 51-72.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref74"><label>74</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Knowledge-based model building of tetiary structures for lectin domains of the selectin family, J. Protein Chem., 15 (1996) 161-168.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref75"><label>75</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Review: Prediction of human immunodeficiency virus protease cleavage sites in proteins, Anal. Biochem., 233 (1996) 1-14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref76"><label>76</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">C.T. Zhang, K.C. Chou, G.M. Maggiora, Predicting protein structural classes from amino acid composition: application of fuzzy clustering, Protein Eng., 8 (1995) 425-435.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref77"><label>77</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, C.T. Zhang, F.J. Kezdy, R.A. Poorman, A vector projection method for predicting the specificity of GalNAc-transferase, Proteins: Struct., Funct., Genet., 21 (1995) 118-126.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref78"><label>78</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, C.T. Zhang, Review: Prediction of protein structural classes, Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 30 (1995) 275-349.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref79"><label>79</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The convergence-divergence duality in lectin domains of the selectin family and its implications, FEBS Lett., 363 (1995) 123-126.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref80"><label>80</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, A sequence-coupled vector-projection model for predicting the specificity of GalNAc-transferase, Protein Science, 4 (1995) 1365-1383.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref81"><label>81</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Does the folding type of a protein depend on its amino acid composition? FEBS Lett., 363 (1995) 127-131.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref82"><label>82</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, C.T. Zhang, G.M. Maggiora, Solitary wave dynamics as a mechanism for explaining the internal motion during microtubule growth, Biopolymers, 34 (1994) 143-153.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref83"><label>83</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, C.T. Zhang, Predicting protein folding types by distance functions that make allowances for amino acid interactions, J. Biol. Chem., 269 (1994) 22014-22020.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref84"><label>84</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, F.J. Kezdy, F. Reusser, Review: Kinetics of processive nucleic acid polymerases and nucleases, Anal. Biochem., 221 (1994) 217-230.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref85"><label>85</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Mini Review: A molecular piston mechanism of pumping protons by bacteriorhodopsin, Amino Acids, 7 (1994) 1-17.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref86"><label>86</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, C.T. Zhang, F.J. Kezdy, A vector approach to predicting HIV protease cleavage sites in proteins, Proteins: Struct., Funct., Genet., 16 (1993) 195-204.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref87"><label>87</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, C.T. Zhang, A new approach to predicting protein folding types, J. Protein Chem., 12 (1993) 169-178.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref88"><label>88</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Graphic rule for non-steady-state enzyme kinetics and protein folding kinetics, Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, 12 (1993) 97-108.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref89"><label>89</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Mini Review: Prediction of protein folding types from amino acid composition by correlation angles, Amino Acids, 6 (1993) 231-246.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref90"><label>90</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, R.B. Huang, C.H. Wang, X.M. Li, K.C. Chou, Energetic analysis of the two controversial drug binding sites of the M2 proton channel in influenza A virus, J. Theor. Biol., 259 (2009) 159-164.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref91"><label>91</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.S. Ding, T.L. Zhang, Q. Gu, P.Y. Zhao, K.C. Chou, Using maximum entropy model to predict protein secondary structure with single sequence, Protein &amp; Peptide Letters, 16 (2009) 552-560.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref92"><label>92</label><mixed-citation publication-type="book" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, D.Q. Wei, Q.S. Du, S. Sirois, H.B. Shen, W.Z. Zhong, Study of inhibitors against SARS coronavirus by computational approaches, in: U. Lendeckel, N.M. Hooper (Eds.) Proteases in Biology and Disease: Viral proteases and antiviral protease inhibitor therapy, Springer Science, Media B.V., 2009, pp. 1-23.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref93"><label>93</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, H.B. Shen, Recent advances in developing web-servers for predicting protein attributes Natural Science, 1 (2009) 63-92</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref94"><label>94</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Pseudo amino acid composition and its applications in bioinformatics, proteomics and system biology, Current Proteomics, 6 (2009) 262-274.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref95"><label>95</label><mixed-citation publication-type="book" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Automated prediction of protein attributes and its impact to biomedicine and drug discovery, in: G. Alterovitz, Benson, R., and Ramoni, M. F. (Ed.) Automation in Proteomics and Genomics: An Engineering Case-Based Approach (Harvard-MIT interdisciplinary special studies courses), Chap.5, pp. 97-143, Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, UK, 2009, pp. 97-143.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref96"><label>96</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">T.L. Zhang, Y.S. Ding, K.C. Chou, Prediction protein structural classes with pseudo amino acid composition: approximate entropy and hydrophobicity pattern, J. Theor. Biol., 250 (2008) 186-193.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref97"><label>97</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S.W. Zhang, Y.L. Zhang, Q. Pan, Y.M. Cheng, K.C. Chou, Estimating residue evolutionary conservation by introducing von Neumann entropy and a novel gap-treating approach, Amino Acids, 35 (2008) 495-501.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref98"><label>98</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Z.R. Yang, K.C. Chou, Correlation of metabolic pathways with the primary structure in acetylated proteins, The Open Bioinformatics Journal, 2 (2008) 90-96.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref99"><label>99</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, P. Wang, K.C. Chou, Predicting protein structural classes with pseudo amino acid composition: an approach using geometric moments of cellular automaton image, J. Theor. Biol., 254 (2008) 691-696.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref100"><label>100</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Jia, Z. Liu, X. Xiao, B. Liu, K.C. Chou, Identification of protein-protein binding sites by incorporating the physicochemical properties and stationary wavelet transforms into pseudo amino acid composition (iPPBS-PseAAC), J Biomol Struct Dyn (JBSD) 34 (2016) 1946-1961.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref101"><label>101</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Jia, Z. Liu, X. Xiao, B. Liu, K.C. Chou, iSuc-PseOpt: Identifying lysine succinylation sites in proteins by incorporating sequence-coupling effects into pseudo components and optimizing imbalanced training dataset, Anal. Biochem., 497 (2016) 48-56.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref102"><label>102</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Jia, Z. Liu, X. Xiao, B. Liu, K.C. Chou, pSuc-Lys: Predict lysine succinylation sites in proteins with PseAAC and ensemble random forest approach, J. Theor. Biol., 394 (2016) 223-230.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref103"><label>103</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Jia, Z. Liu, X. Xiao, B. Liu, K.C. Chou, iCar-PseCp: identify carbonylation sites in proteins by Monto Carlo sampling and incorporating sequence coupled effects into general PseAAC, Oncotarget, 7 (2016) 34558-34570.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref104"><label>104</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">T. Wang, J. Yang, H.B. Shen, K.C. Chou, Predicting membrane protein types by the LLDA algorithm, Protein &amp; Peptide Letters, 15 (2008) 915-921.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref105"><label>105</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J.F. Wang, D.Q. Wei, L. Li, K.C. Chou, Review: Drug candidates from traditional Chinese medicines, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 8 (2008) 1656-1665.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref106"><label>106</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J.F. Wang, D.Q. Wei, L. Li, K.C. Chou, Review: Pharmacogenomics and personalized use of drugs, Current Topics of Medicinal Chemistry, 8 (2008) 1573-1579.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref107"><label>107</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J.F. Wang, D.Q. Wei, H.L. Du, Y.X. Li, K.C. Chou, Molecular modeling studies on NADP-dependence of Candida tropicalis strain xylose reductase, The Open Bioinformatics Journal, 2 (2008) 72-79.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref108"><label>108</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J.F. Wang, D.Q. Wei, C. Chen, Y. Li, K.C. Chou, Molecular modeling of two CYP2C19 SNPs and its implications for personalized drug design, Protein &amp; Peptide Letters, 15 (2008) 27-32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref109"><label>109</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, K.C. Chou, HIVcleave: a web-server for predicting HIV protease cleavage sites in proteins, Anal. Biochem., 375 (2008) 388-390.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref110"><label>110</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, K.C. Chou, PseAAC: a flexible web-server for generating various kinds of protein pseudo amino acid composition, Anal. Biochem., 373 (2008) 386-388.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref111"><label>111</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">R.B. Huang, Q.S. Du, C.H. Wang, K.C. Chou, An in-depth analysis of the biological functional studies based on the NMR M2 channel structure of influenza A virus, Biochem. Biophys Res Comm. (BBRC), 377 (2008) 1243-1247.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref112"><label>112</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X.L. Guo, L. Li, D.Q. Wei, Y.S. Zhu, K.C. Chou, Cleavage mechanism of the H5N1 hemagglutinin by trypsin and furin, Amino Acids, 35 (2008) 375-382.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref113"><label>113</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, R.B. Huang, Y.T. Wei, L.Q. Du, K.C. Chou, Multiple Field Three Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (MF-3D-QSAR), J. Comput. Chem., 29 (2008) 211-219.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref114"><label>114</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, R.B. Huang, K.C. Chou, Review: Recent advances in QSAR and their applications in predicting the activities of chemical molecules, peptides and proteins for drug design, Current Protein &amp; Peptide Science, 9 (2008) 248-259.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref115"><label>115</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">M. Cruz-Monteagudo, C.R. Munteanu, F. Borges, M. Natália, D.S. Cordeiro, E. Uriarte, K.C. Chou, H. Gonzalez-Diaz, Stochastic molecular descriptors for polymers. 4. Study of complex mixtures with topological indices of mass spectra spiral and star networks: the blood proteome case, Polymer, 49 (2008) 5575-5587.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref116"><label>116</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, H.B. Shen, ProtIdent: A web server for identifying proteases and their types by fusing functional domain and sequential evolution information, Biochem.  Biophys. Res. Comm. (BBRC), 376 (2008) 321-325.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref117"><label>117</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, H.B. Shen, Cell-PLoc: A package of Web servers for predicting subcellular localization of proteins in various organisms, Nature Protocols, 3 (2008) 153-162.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref118"><label>118</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">G. Aguero-Chapin, A. Antunes, F.M. Ubeira, K.C. Chou, H. Gonzalez-Diaz, Comparative Study of Topological Indices of Macro/Supra-molecular RNA Complex Networks, Journal of Chemical Information &amp; Modeling, 48 (2008) 2265-2277.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref119"><label>119</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, Digital coding of amino acids based on hydrophobic index, Protein &amp; Peptide Letters, 14 (2007) 871-875.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref120"><label>120</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H. Wei, R. Zhang, C. Wang, H. Zheng, K.C. Chou, D.Q. Wei, Molecular insights of SAH enzyme catalysis and their implication for inhibitor design, J. Theor. Biol., 244 (2007) 692-702.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref121"><label>121</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S.Q. Wang, Q.S. Du, K. Zhao, A.X. Li, D.Q. Wei, K.C. Chou, Virtual screening for finding natural inhibitor against cathepsin-L for SARS therapy, Amino Acids, 33 (2007) 129-135.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref122"><label>122</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. Sirois, M. Touaibia, K.C. Chou, R. Roy, Review: Glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop: towards the rational design of a synthetic carbohydrate vaccine, Current Medicinal Chemistry, 14 (2007) 3232-3242.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref123"><label>123</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, J. Yang, K.C. Chou, Review: Methodology development for predicting subcellular localization and other attributes of proteins, Expert Review of Proteomics, 4 (2007) 453-463.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref124"><label>124</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, K.C. Chou, Nuc-PLoc: A new web-server for predicting protein subnuclear localization by fusing PseAA composition and PsePSSM, Protein Engineering, Design &amp; Selection, 20 (2007) 561-567.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref125"><label>125</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, K.C. Chou, EzyPred: A top-down approach for predicting enzyme functional classes and subclasses, Biochem  Biophys Res Comm (BBRC), 364 (2007) 53-59.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref126"><label>126</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, K.C. Chou, Gpos-PLoc: an ensemble classifier for predicting subcellular localization of Gram-positive bacterial proteins, Protein Engineering, Design, and Selection, 20 (2007) 39-46.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref127"><label>127</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, K.C. Chou, Using ensemble classifier to identify membrane protein types, Amino Acids, 32 (2007) 483-488.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref128"><label>128</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">D.Q. Liu, H. Liu, H.B. Shen, J. Yang, K.C. Chou, Predicting secretory protein signal sequence cleavage sites by fusing the marks of global alignments, Amino Acids, 32 (2007) 493-496.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref129"><label>129</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L. Li, D.Q. Wei, J.F. Wang, K.C. Chou, Computational studies of the binding mechanism of calmodulin with chrysin, Biochem  Biophys Res Comm (BBRC), 358 (2007) 1102-1107.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref130"><label>130</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W.N. Gao, D.Q. Wei, Y. Li, H. Gao, W.R. Xu, A.X. Li, K.C. Chou, Agaritine and its derivatives are potential inhibitors against HIV proteases, Medicinal Chemistry, 3 (2007) 221-226.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref131"><label>131</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, Y.T. Wei, Z.W. Pang, K.C. Chou, R.B. Huang, Predicting the affinity of epitope-peptides with class I MHC molecule HLA-A*0201: an application of amino acid-based peptide prediction, Protein Engineering, Design &amp; Selection, 20 (2007) 417-423.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref132"><label>132</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, S.Q. Wang, K.C. Chou, Analogue inhibitors by modifying oseltamivir based on the crystal neuraminidase structure for treating drug-resistant H5N1 virus, Biochem  Biophys Res Comm (BBRC), 362 (2007) 525-531.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref133"><label>133</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, H. Sun, K.C. Chou, Inhibitor design for SARS coronavirus main protease based on "distorted key theory", Medicinal Chemistry, 3 (2007) 1-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref134"><label>134</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, R.B. Huang, Y.T. Wei, C.H. Wang, K.C. Chou, Peptide reagent design based on physical and chemical properties of amino acid residues, J. Comput. Chem., 28 (2007) 2043-2050.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref135"><label>135</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.S. Ding, T.L. Zhang, K.C. Chou, Prediction of protein structure classes with pseudo amino acid composition and fuzzy support vector machine network, Protein &amp; Peptide Letters, 14 (2007) 811-815.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref136"><label>136</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, H.B. Shen, Recent progresses in protein subcellular location prediction, Anal. Biochem., 370 (2007) 1-16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref137"><label>137</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, H.B. Shen, MemType-2L: A Web server for predicting membrane proteins and their types by incorporating evolution information through Pse-PSSM, Biochem  Biophys Res Comm (BBRC), 360 (2007) 339-345.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref138"><label>138</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, H.B. Shen, Signal-CF: a subsite-coupled and window-fusing approach for predicting signal peptides, Biochem Biophys Res Comm (BBRC), 357 (2007) 633-640.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref139"><label>139</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, H.B. Shen, Euk-mPLoc: a fusion classifier for large-scale eukaryotic protein subcellular location prediction by incorporating multiple sites, Journal of Proteome Research, 6 (2007) 1728-1734.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref140"><label>140</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Chen, H. Liu, J. Yang, K.C. Chou, Prediction of linear B-cell epitopes using amino acid pair antigenicity scale, Amino Acids, 33 (2007) 423-428.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref141"><label>141</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">R. Zhang, D.Q. Wei, Q.S. Du, K.C. Chou, Molecular modeling studies of peptide drug candidates against SARS, Medicinal Chemistry, 2 (2006) 309-314.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref142"><label>142</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, S.H. Shao, Y.S. Ding, Z.D. Huang, K.C. Chou, Using cellular automata images and pseudo amino acid composition to predict protein subcellular location, Amino Acids, 30 (2006) 49-54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref143"><label>143</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, S.H. Shao, K.C. Chou, A probability cellular automaton model for hepatitis B viral infections, Biochem Biophys Res Comm (BBRC), 342 (2006) 605-610.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref144"><label>144</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">D.Q. Wei, Q.S. Du, H. Sun, K.C. Chou, Insights from modeling the 3D structure of H5N1 influenza virus neuraminidase and its binding interactions with ligands, Biochem  Biophys Res Comm (BBRC), 344 (2006) 1048-1055.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref145"><label>145</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S.Q. Wang, J. Yang, K.C. Chou, Using stacked generalization to predict membrane protein types based on pseudo amino acid composition, J. Theor. Biol., 242 (2006) 941-946.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref146"><label>146</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, J. Yang, K.C. Chou, Fuzzy KNN for predicting membrane protein types from pseudo amino acid composition, J. Theor. Biol., 240 (2006) 9-13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref147"><label>147</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Kem, F. Soti, S. LeFrancois, K. Wildeboer, K. MacDougall, D.Q. Wei, K.C. Chou, H.R. Arias, Review: The nemertine toxin anabaseine and its derivative DMXBA (GTS-21): chemical and pharmacological properties, Marine Drugs, 4 (2006) 255-273.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref148"><label>148</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L. Gao, Y.S. Ding, H. Dai, S.H. Shao, Z.D. Huang, K.C. Chou, A novel fingerprint map for detecting SARS-CoV, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41 (2006) 246-250.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref149"><label>149</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, D.P. Li, W.Z. He, K.C. Chou, Heuristic molecular lipophilicity potential (HMLP): lipophilicity and hydrophilicity of amino acid side chains, J. Comput. Chem., 27 (2006) 685-692.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref150"><label>150</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, Z.Q. Jiang, W.Z. He, D.P. Li, K.C. Chou, Amino acid principal component analysis (AAPCA) and its applications in protein structural class prediction, Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics (JBSD), 23 (2006) 635-640.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref151"><label>151</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, D.Q. Wei, Q.S. Du, S. Sirois, W.Z. Zhong, Review: Progress in computational approach to drug development against SARS, Current Medicinal Chemistry, 13 (2006) 3263-3270.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref152"><label>152</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, H.B. Shen, Addendum to “Hum-PLoc: A novel ensemble classifier for predicting human protein subcellular localization”, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (BBRC), 348 (2006) 1479.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref153"><label>153</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, H.B. Shen, Predicting eukaryotic protein subcellular location by fusing optimized evidence-theoretic K-nearest neighbor classifiers, Journal of Proteome Research, 5 (2006) 1888-1897.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref154"><label>154</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, H.B. Shen, Hum-PLoc: A novel ensemble classifier for predicting human protein subcellular localization, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (BBRC), 347 (2006) 150-157.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref155"><label>155</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, H.B. Shen, Predicting protein subcellular location by fusing multiple classifiers, J. Cell. Biochem., 99 (2006) 517-527.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref156"><label>156</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Y.D. Cai, W.Z. Zhong, Predicting networking couples for metabolic pathways of Arabidopsis, EXCLI Journal (Experimental and Clinical Sciences International Online Journal for Advances in Science), 5 (2006) 55-65 (openly accessible at http://www.excli.de/vol55/Chou07-06proofrev.pdf ).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref157"><label>157</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Y.D. Cai, Predicting protein-protein interactions from sequences in a hybridization space, Journal of Proteome Research, 5 (2006) 316-322.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref158"><label>158</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Y.D. Cai, Prediction of protease types in a hybridization space, Biochem Biophys Res Comm (BBRC), 339 (2006) 1015-1020.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref159"><label>159</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.D. Cai, K.C. Chou, Predicting membrane protein type by functional domain composition and pseudo amino acid composition, J. Theor. Biol., 238 (2006) 395-400.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref160"><label>160</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Bai, D. Wang, Z.X. Yu, Y. Jia, F.Y. Zhu, D.Q. Wei, W.Z. Zhong, K.C. Chou, Ecdysterone determination of niuxi by the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectroscopy (NIRDRS), Spectroscopy, 21 (2006) 40-43.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref161"><label>161</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Z.R. Yang, L. Wang, N. Young, K.C. Chou, Review: Pattern recognition methods for protein functional site prediction, Current Protein and Peptide Science, 6 (2005) 479-491.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref162"><label>162</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, S. Shao, Y. Ding, Z. Huang, Y. Huang, K.C. Chou, Using complexity measure factor to predict protein subcellular location, Amino Acids, 28 (2005) 57-61.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref163"><label>163</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, S. Shao, Y. Ding, Z. Huang, X. Chen, K.C. Chou, An Application of Gene Comparative Image for Predicting the Effect on Replication Ratio by HBV Virus Gene Missense Mutation, J. Theor. Biol., 235 (2005) 555-565.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref164"><label>164</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, S. Shao, Y. Ding, Z. Huang, X. Chen, K.C. Chou, Using cellular automata to generate Image representation for biological sequences, Amino Acids, 28 (2005) 29-35.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref165"><label>165</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">D.Q. Wei, S. Sirois, Q.S. Du, H.R. Arias, K.C. Chou, Theoretical studies of Alzheimer's disease drug candidate [(2,4-dimethoxy) benzylidene]-anabaseine dihydrochloride (GTS-21) and its derivatives, Biochem Biophys Res Commun (BBRC), 338 (2005) 1059-1064.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref166"><label>166</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">D.Q. Wei, K.C. Chou, Y.R. Gan, Q.S. Du, A Polypeptide and Its Derivatives as Inhibitors Against SARS, Patent Application No: CN 1560074A, January  2005China, 2005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref167"><label>167</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">M. Wang, J.S. Yao, Z.D. Huang, Z.J. Xu, G.P. Liu, H.Y. Zhao, X.Y. Wang, J. Yang, Y.S. Zhu, K.C. Chou, A new nucleotide-composition based fingerprint of SARS-CoV with visualization analysis, Medicinal Chemistry, 1 (2005) 39-47.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref168"><label>168</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">M. Wang, J. Yang, Z.J. Xu, K.C. Chou, SLLE for predicting membrane protein types, J. Theor. Biol., 232 (2005) 7-15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref169"><label>169</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">M. Wang, J. Yang, K.C. Chou, Using string kernel to predict signal peptide cleavage site based on subsite coupling model, Amino Acids (Erratum, ibid. 2005, 29: 301), 28 (2005) 395-402.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref170"><label>170</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. Sirois, C.M. Tsoukas, K.C. Chou, D.Q. Wei, C. Boucher, G.E. Hatzakis, Selection of Molecular Descriptors with Artificial Intelligence for the Understanding of HIV-1 Protease Peptidomimetic Inhibitors-activity, Medicinal Chemistry, 1 (2005) 173-184.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref171"><label>171</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. Sirois, T. Sing, K.C. Chou, Review: HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop for structure-based drug design, Current Protein and Peptide Science, 6 (2005) 413-422.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref172"><label>172</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. Sirois, G.E. Hatzakis, D.Q. Wei, Q.S. Du, K.C. Chou, Assessment of chemical libraries for their druggability, Computational Biology &amp; Chemistry, 29 (2005) 55-67.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref173"><label>173</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">T.L. Shi, Y.X. Li, Y.D. Cai, K.C. Chou, Review: Computational methods for protein - protein interaction and their application, Current Protein and Peptide Science, 6 (2005) 443-449.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref174"><label>174</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, J. Yang, X.J. Liu, K.C. Chou, Using supervised fuzzy clustering to predict protein structural classes, Biochem Biophys Res Commun (BBRC), 334 (2005) 577-581.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref175"><label>175</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, K.C. Chou, Predicting protein subnuclear location with optimized evidence-theoretic K-nearest classifier and pseudo amino acid composition, Biochem Biophys Res Comm. (BBRC), 337 (2005) 752-756.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref176"><label>176</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H. Liu, J. Yang, M. Wang, L. Xue, K.C. Chou, Using Fourier spectrum analysis and pseudo amino acid composition for prediction of membrane protein types, The Protein Journal, 24 (2005) 385-389.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref177"><label>177</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H. Liu, J. Yang, J.G. Ling, K.C. Chou, Prediction of protein signal sequences and their cleavage sites by statistical rulers, Biochem Biophys Res Comm (BBRC), 338 (2005) 1005-1011.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref178"><label>178</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Gao, S.H. Shao, X. Xiao, Y.S. Ding, Y.S. Huang, Z.D. Huang, K.C. Chou, Using pseudo amino acid composition to predict protein subcellular location: approached with Lyapunov index, Bessel function, and Chebyshev filter, Amino Acids, 28 (2005) 373-376.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref179"><label>179</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.Y. Feng, Y.D. Cai, K.C. Chou, Boosting classifier for predicting protein domain structural class, Biochemical &amp; Biophysical Research Communications (BBRC), 334 (2005) 213-217.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref180"><label>180</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, S.Q. Wang, Z.Q. Jiang, W.N. Gao, Y.D. Li, D.Q. Wei, K.C. Chou, Application of bioinformatics in search for cleavable peptides of SARS-CoV Mpro and chemical modification of octapeptides, Medicinal Chemistry, 1 (2005) 209-213.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref181"><label>181</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, S. Wang, D.Q. Wei, S. Sirois, K.C. Chou, Molecular modelling and chemical modification for finding peptide inhibitor against SARS CoV Mpro, Anal. Biochem., 337 (2005) 262-270.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref182"><label>182</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, P.G. Mezey, K.C. Chou, Heuristic Molecular Lipophilicity Potential (HMLP): A 2D-QSAR Study to LADH of Molecular Family Pyrazole and Derivatives, J. Comput. Chem., 26 (2005) 461-470.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref183"><label>183</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Y.D. Cai, Using GO-PseAA predictor to identify membrane proteins and their types, Biochem Biophys Res Comm (BBRC), 327 (2005) 845-847.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref184"><label>184</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Y.D. Cai, Prediction of membrane protein types by incorporating amphipathic effects, Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 45 (2005) 407-413.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref185"><label>185</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Y.D. Cai, Predicting protein localization in budding yeast, Bioinformatics, 21 (2005) 944-950.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref186"><label>186</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Review: Progress in protein structural class prediction and its impact to bioinformatics and proteomics, Current Protein and Peptide Science, 6 (2005) 423-436.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref187"><label>187</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Coupling interaction between thromboxane A2 receptor and alpha-13 subunit of guanine nucleotide-binding protein, Journal of Proteome Research, 4 (2005) 1681-1686.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref188"><label>188</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Insights from modeling the 3D structure of DNA-CBF3b complex, Journal of Proteome Research, 4 (2005) 1657-1660.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref189"><label>189</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Using amphiphilic pseudo amino acid composition to predict enzyme subfamily classes, Bioinformatics, 21 (2005) 10-19.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref190"><label>190</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.D. Cai, G.P. Zhou, K.C. Chou, Predicting enzyme family classes by hybridizing gene product composition and pseudo amino acid composition, J. Theor. Biol., 234 (2005) 145-149.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref191"><label>191</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.D. Cai, K.C. Chou, Predicting enzyme subclass by functional domain composition and pseudo amino acid composition, Journal of Proteome Research, 4 (2005) 967-971.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref192"><label>192</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.D. Cai, K.C. Chou, Using functional domain composition to predict enzyme family classes, Journal of Proteome Research, 4 (2005) 109-111.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref193"><label>193</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">M. Wang, J. Yang, G.P. Liu, Z.J. Xu, K.C. Chou, Weighted-support vector machines for predicting membrane protein types based on pseudo amino acid composition, Protein Engineering, Design, and Selection, 17 (2004) 509-516.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref194"><label>194</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. Sirois, D.Q. Wei, Q.S. Du, K.C. Chou, Virtual Screening for SARS-CoV Protease Based on KZ7088 Pharmacophore Points, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 44 (2004) 1111-1122.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref195"><label>195</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J.G. Geng, M. Chen, K.C. Chou, P-selectin Cell Adhesion Molecule in Inflammation, Thrombosis, Cancer Growth and Metastasis., Current Medicinal Chemistry, 11 (2004) 2153-2160.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref196"><label>196</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, S.Q. Wang, D.Q. Wei, Y. Zhu, H. Guo, S. Sirois, K.C. Chou, Polyprotein Cleavage Mechanism of SARS CoV Mpro and Chemical Modification of Octapeptide, Peptides, 25 (2004) 1857-1864.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref197"><label>197</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Y.D. Cai, Predicting subcellular localization of proteins by hybridizing functional domain composition and pseudo amino acid composition, J. Cell. Biochem., 91 (2004) 1197-1203.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref198"><label>198</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Y.D. Cai, Using GO-PseAA predictor to predict enzyme sub-class, Biochemical and  Biophysical Research Communications (BBRC), 325 (2004) 506-509.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref199"><label>199</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Y.D. Cai, Prediction of protein subcellular locations by GO-FunD-PseAA predicor, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (BBRC), 320 (2004) 1236-1239.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref200"><label>200</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Y.D. Cai, Predicting enzyme family class in a hybridization space, Protein Science, 13 (2004) 2857-2863.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref201"><label>201</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Y.D. Cai, A novel approach to predict active sites of enzyme molecules, Proteins: Struct., Funct., Genet., 55 (2004) 77-82.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref202"><label>202</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Preface, Current Medicinal Chemistry, 11 (2004) 2103.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref203"><label>203</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Molecular therapeutic target for type-2 diabetes, Journal of Proteome Research, 3 (2004) 1284-1288.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref204"><label>204</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Insights from modelling the 3D structure of the extracellular domain of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication (BBRC), 319 (2004) 433-438.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref205"><label>205</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Review: Structural bioinformatics and its impact to biomedical science, Current Medicinal Chemistry, 11 (2004) 2105-2134.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref206"><label>206</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Insights from modelling the tertiary structure of BACE2, Journal of Proteome Research, 3 (2004) 1069-1072.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref207"><label>207</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Insights from modelling three-dimensional structures of the human potassium and sodium channels, Journal of Proteome Research, 3 (2004) 856-861.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref208"><label>208</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Modelling extracellular domains of GABA-A receptors: subtypes 1, 2, 3, and 5, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (BBRC), 316 (2004) 636-642.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref209"><label>209</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Insights from modelling the 3D structure of the extracellular domain of a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 319 (2004) 433-438.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref210"><label>210</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.D. Cai, G.P. Zhou, C.H. Jen, S.L. Lin, K.C. Chou, Identify catalytic triads of serine hydrolases by support vector machines, J. Theor. Biol., 228 (2004) 551-557.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref211"><label>211</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.D. Cai, R. Pong-Wong, K. Feng, J.C.H. Jen, K.C. Chou, Application of SVM to predict membrane protein types, J. Theor. Biol., 226 (2004) 373-376.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref212"><label>212</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, D.Q. Wei, K.C. Chou, Correlation of amino acids in proteins, Peptides, 24 (2003) 1863-1869.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref213"><label>213</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, D.Q. Wei, W.Z. Zhong, Binding mechanism of coronavirus main proteinase with ligands and its implication to drug design against SARS. (Erratum: ibid., 2003, Vol.310, 675), Biochem Biophys Res Comm (BBRC), 308 (2003) 148-151.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref214"><label>214</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, D.W. Elrod, Prediction of enzyme family classes, Journal of Proteome Research, 2 (2003) 183-190.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref215"><label>215</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Y.D. Cai, Prediction and classification of protein subcellular location: sequence-order effect and pseudo amino acid composition, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry (Addendum, ibid. 2004, 91, 1085), 90 (2003) 1250-1260.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref216"><label>216</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Y.D. Cai, Predicting protein quaternary structure by pseudo amino acid composition, Proteins: Struct., Funct., Genet., 53 (2003) 282-289.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref217"><label>217</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.D. Cai, G.P. Zhou, K.C. Chou, Support vector machines for predicting membrane protein types by using functional domain composition, Biophys. J., 84 (2003) 3257-3263.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref218"><label>218</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.D. Cai, S. Lin, K.C. Chou, Support vector machines for prediction of protein signal sequences and their cleavage sites, Peptides, 24 (2003) 159-161.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref219"><label>219</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.D. Cai, K.C. Chou, Nearest neighbour algorithm for predicting protein subcellular location by combining functional domain composition and pseudo amino acid composition, Biochem Biophys Res Comm (BBRC), 305 (2003) 407-411.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref220"><label>220</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Zhang, C.H. Luan, K.C. Chou, G.V.W. Johnson, Identification of the N-terminal functional domains of Cdk5 by molecular truncation and computer modeling, Proteins: Struct., Funct., Genet., 48 (2002) 447-453.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref221"><label>221</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">D.W. Elrod, K.C. Chou, A study on the correlation of G-protein-coupled receptor types with amino acid composition, Protein Eng., 15 (2002) 713-715.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref222"><label>222</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, W.J. Howe, Prediction of the tertiary structure of the beta-secretase zymogen, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun (BBRC), 292 (2002) 702-708.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref223"><label>223</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, D.W. Elrod, Bioinformatical analysis of G-protein-coupled receptors, Journal of Proteome Research, 1 (2002) 429-433.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref224"><label>224</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Review: Prediction of protein signal sequences, Current Protein and Peptide Science, 3 (2002) 615-622.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref225"><label>225</label><mixed-citation publication-type="book" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, A new branch of proteomics: prediction of protein cellular attributes, in: P.W. Weinrer, Q. Lu (Eds.) Gene Cloning &amp; Expression Technologies, Chapter 4, pp.57-70, Eaton Publishing, Westborough, MA, 2002, pp. 57-70.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref226"><label>226</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, R.B. Huang, Y.T. Wei, Z.W. Pang, L.Q. Du, K.C. Chou, Fragment-Based Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (FB-QSAR) for Fragment-Based Drug Design, J. Comput. Chem., 30 (2009) 295-304.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref227"><label>227</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K. Gong, L. Li, J.F. Wang, F. Cheng, D.Q. Wei, K.C. Chou, Binding mechanism of H5N1 influenza virus neuraminidase with ligands and its implication for drug design, Medicinal Chemistry, 5 (2009) 242-249.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref228"><label>228</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">R.X. Gu, H. Gu, Z.Y. Xie, J.F. Wang, H.R. Arias, D.Q. Wei, K.C. Chou, Possible drug candidates for Alzheimer’s disease deduced from studying their binding interactions with alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, Medicinal Chemistry, 5 (2009) 250-262.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref229"><label>229</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">R.B. Huang, Q.S. Du, Y.T. Wei, Z.W. Pang, H. Wei, K.C. Chou, Physics and chemistry-driven artificial neural network for predicting bioactivity of peptides and proteins and their design, J. Theor. Biol., 256 (2009) 428-435.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref230"><label>230</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">A. Madkan, M. Blank, E. Elson, K.C. Chou, M.S. Geddis, R. Goodman, Steps to the clinic with ELF EMF Natural Science 1(2009) 157-165.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref231"><label>231</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, K.C. Chou, Predicting protein fold pattern with functional domain and sequential evolution information, J. Theor. Biol., 256 (2009) 441-446.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref232"><label>232</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, K.C. Chou, Identification of proteases and their types, Anal. Biochem., 385 (2009) 153-160.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref233"><label>233</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, K.C. Chou, A top-down approach to enhance the power of predicting human protein subcellular localization: Hum-mPLoc 2.0, Anal. Biochem., 394 (2009) 269-274.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref234"><label>234</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, K.C. Chou, Gpos-mPLoc: A top-down approach to improve the quality of predicting subcellular localization of Gram-positive bacterial proteins, Protein &amp; Peptide Letters, 16 (2009) 1478-1484.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref235"><label>235</label><mixed-citation publication-type="book" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, J.F. Wang, L.X. Yao, J. Yang, K.C. Chou, Recent progress of bioinformatics in membrane protein structural studies, in: G. Alterovitz, Benson, R., and Ramoni, M. F. (Ed.) Automation in Proteomics and Genomics: An Engineering Case-Based Approach (Harvard-MIT interdisciplinary special studies courses), Chap.12, pp.293-308, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, UK, 2009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref236"><label>236</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J.F. Wang, J.Y. Yan, D.Q. Wei, K.C. Chou, Binding of CYP2C9 with diverse drugs and its implications for metabolic mechanism, Medicinal Chemistry, 5 (2009) 263-270.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref237"><label>237</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J.F. Wang, C.C. Zhang, K.C. Chou, D.Q. Wei, Review: Structure of cytochrome P450s and personalized drug, Current Medicinal Chemistry, 16 (2009) 232-244.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref238"><label>238</label><mixed-citation publication-type="book" xlink:type="simple">J.F. Wang, C.C. Zhang, J.Y. Yan, K.C. Chou, D.Q. Wei, Molecular modeling of CYP proteins and its implication for personal drug design, in: G. Alterovitz, Benson, R., and Ramoni, M. F. (Ed.) Automation in Proteomics and Genomics: An Engineering Case-Based Approach (Harvard-MIT interdisciplinary special studies courses), Chap.11, pp.275-292, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, UK, 2009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref239"><label>239</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H. Wei, C.H. Wang, Q.S. Du, J. Meng, K.C. Chou, Investigation into adamantane-based M2 inhibitors with FB-QSAR, Medicinal Chemistry, 5 (2009) 305-317.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref240"><label>240</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, P. Wang, K.C. Chou, Predicting protein quaternary structural attribute by hybridizing functional domain composition and pseudo amino acid composition, J. Appl. Crystallogr., 42 (2009) 169-173.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref241"><label>241</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L. Chen, T. Huang, X.H. Shi, Y.D. Cai, K.C. Chou, Analysis of protein pathway networks using hybrid properties, Molecules, 15 (2010) 8177-8192 (Openly accessible at http://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref242"><label>242</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Graphic rule for drug metabolism systems, Current Drug Metabolism, 11 (2010) 369-378.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref243"><label>243</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Cradle of Gordon Life Science Institute and its Development and Driving Force (Short Communication), Biomedical Journal of Scientific &amp; Technology Research, 23 (2010) 17848-17863.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref244"><label>244</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, H.B. Shen, Cell-PLoc 2.0: An improved package of web-servers for predicting subcellular localization of proteins in various organisms, Natural Science, 2 (2010) 1090-1103.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref245"><label>245</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, R.B. Huang, K.C. Chou, Advances in visual representation of molecular potentials, Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 5 (2010) 513-527.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref246"><label>246</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Noah’s Ark and Internet Institutes: When and Why? Natural Science, 12 (2020) 470-481.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref247"><label>247</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Pandemic Pestilences and Internet Institutes, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 495-515.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref248"><label>248</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Implication of “I Am the Alpha and the Omega” to Internet Institutes, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 482-494.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref249"><label>249</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, An Insightful Recollection for Predicting Protein Subcellular Locations in Multi-Label Systems, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 441-469.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref250"><label>250</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Coronavirus and Gordon Life Science Institute, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 429-440.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref251"><label>251</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The End of Our Earth Is Certainly to Come: “When”? and “Why”?, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 552-568.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref252"><label>252</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to Illustrate How the Web-Server iSulf_Wide-PseAAC Is Working, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 620-631.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref253"><label>253</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Significant and Profound Impacts of Chou’s 5-Steps Rule, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 633-637.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref254"><label>254</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, R.B. Huang, S.Q. Wang, K.C. Chou, Designing inhibitors of M2 proton channel against H1N1 swine influenza virus, PLoS ONE, 5 (2010) e9388.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref255"><label>255</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, S.Q. Wang, R.B. Huang, K.C. Chou, Computational 3D structures of drug-targeting proteins in the 2009-H1N1 influenza A virus, Chem. Phys. Lett., 485 (2010) 191-195.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref256"><label>256</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J.P. Qi, Y.S. Ding, S.H. Shao, X.H. Zeng, K.C. Chou, Cellular responding kinetics based on a model of gene regulatory networks under radiotherapy, Health 2: 137-146 (2010).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref257"><label>257</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H.B. Shen, K.C. Chou, Gneg-mPLoc: A top-down strategy to enhance the quality of predicting subcellular localization of Gram-negative bacterial proteins, Journal of Theoretical  Biology, 264 (2010) 326-333.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref258"><label>258</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Chen, T.Y. Lei, D.C. Jin, H. Lin, K.C. Chou, PseKNC: a flexible web-server for generating pseudo K-tuple nucleotide composition, Anal. Biochem., 456 (2014) 53-60.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref259"><label>259</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H. Ding, E.Z. Deng, L.F. Yuan, L. Liu, H. Lin, W. Chen, K.C. Chou, iCTX-Type: A sequence-based predictor for identifying the types of conotoxins in targeting ion channels, BioMed Research International (BMRI), 2014 (2014) 286419.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref260"><label>260</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L. Cai, Y. Wang, J.F. Wang, K.C. Chou, Identification of proteins interacting with human SP110 during the process of viral infections, Medicinal Chemistry, 7 (2011) 121-126.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref261"><label>261</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Some remarks on protein attribute prediction and pseudo amino acid composition (50th Anniversary Year Review, 5-steps rule), J. Theor. Biol., 273 (2011) 236-247.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref262"><label>262</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, W.Z. Lin, X. Xiao, Wenxiang: a web-server for drawing wenxiang diagrams Natural Science, 3 (2011) 862-865.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref263"><label>263</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, H. Wei, R.B. Huang, K.C. Chou, Progress in structure-based drug design against influenza A virus, Expert Opinion, 6 (2011) 619-631.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref264"><label>264</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L. Hu, T. Huang, X. Shi, W.C. Lu, Y.D. Cai, K.C. Chou, Predicting functions of proteins in mouse based on weighted protein-protein interaction network and protein hybrid properties PLoS ONE, 6 (2011) e14556.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref265"><label>265</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L.L. Hu, C. Chen, T. Huang, Y.D. Cai, K.C. Chou, Predicting biological functions of compounds based on chemical-chemical interactions, PLoS ONE, 6 (2011) e29491.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref266"><label>266</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L.L. Hu, S. Niu, X.H. Shi, Y.D. Cai, K.C. Chou, Prediction and analysis of protein palmitoylation sites Biochimie, 93 (2011) 489-496.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref267"><label>267</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">T. Huang, L. Chen, Y.D. Cai, K.C. Chou, Classification and analysis of regulatory pathways using graph property, biochemical and physicochemical property, and functional property, PLoS ONE, 6 (2011) e25297.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref268"><label>268</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W.Z. Lin, J.A. Fang, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, iDNA-Prot: Identification of DNA Binding Proteins Using Random Forest with Grey Model, PLoS ONE, 6 (2011) e24756.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref269"><label>269</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L.H. Ren, Y.Z. Shen, Y.S. Ding, K.C. Chou, Bio-entity network for analysis of protein-protein interaction networks, Asian Journal of Control, 13 (2011) 726-737.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref270"><label>270</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S.B. Wan, L.L. Hu, S. Niu, K. Wang, Y.D. Cai, K.C. Chou, Identification of multiple subcellular locations for proteins in budding yeast, Current Bioinformatics, 6 (2011) 71-80.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref271"><label>271</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J.F. Wang, K.C. Chou, Insights from modeling the 3D structure of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and its binding interactions with antibiotic drugs, PLoS ONE 6(2011) e18414.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref272"><label>272</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Z.Z. Wen, Y.H. Wang, B. Yang, M.Q. Xie, K.C. Chou, Roles of L5-7 Loop in the Structure and Chaperone Function of SsHSP14.1, Protein Pept Lett, 18 (2011) 275-281.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref273"><label>273</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, Using pseudo amino acid composition to predict protein attributes via cellular automata and other approaches, Current Bioinformatics, 6 (2011) 251-260.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref274"><label>274</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, P. Wang, K.C. Chou, Cellular automata and its applications in protein bioinformatics, Current Protein &amp; Peptide Science, 12 (2011) 508-519.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref275"><label>275</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, P. Wang, K.C. Chou, GPCR-2L: Predicting G protein-coupled receptors and their types by hybridizing two different modes of pseudo amino acid compositions, Molecular Biosystems, 7 (2011) 911-919.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref276"><label>276</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, P. Wang, K.C. Chou, Quat-2L: a web-server for predicting protein quaternary structural attributes, Molecular Diversity, 15 (2011) 149-155.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref277"><label>277</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Chen, H. Lin, P.M. Feng, C. Ding, Y.C. Zuo, K.C. Chou, iNuc-PhysChem: A Sequence-Based Predictor for Identifying Nucleosomes via Physicochemical Properties, PLoS ONE, 7 (2012) e47843.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref278"><label>278</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Z.C. Wu, X. Xiao, iLoc-Hum: Using accumulation-label scale to predict subcellular locations of human proteins with both single and multiple sites, Molecular Biosystems, 8 (2012) 629-641.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref279"><label>279</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Ma, S.Q. Wang, W.R. Xu, R.L. Wang, K.C. Chou, Design novel dual agonists for treating type-2 diabetes by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors with core hopping approach, PLoS One, 7 (2012) e38546.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref280"><label>280</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J.F. Wang, K.C. Chou, Insights into the Mutation-Induced HHH Syndrome from Modeling Human Mitochondrial Ornithine Transporter-1, PLoS One, 7 (2012) e31048.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref281"><label>281</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, W.Z. Lin, K.C. Chou, Recent advances in predicting G-protein coupled receptor classification, Current Bioinformatics, 7 (2012) 132-142.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref282"><label>282</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, P. Wang, K.C. Chou, iNR-PhysChem: A Sequence-Based Predictor for Identifying Nuclear Receptors and Their Subfamilies via Physical-Chemical Property Matrix, PLoS ONE, 7 (2012) e30869.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref283"><label>283</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Chen, P.M. Feng, H. Lin, K.C. Chou, iRSpot-PseDNC: identify recombination spots with pseudo dinucleotide composition Nucleic Acids Research 41 (2013) e68.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref284"><label>284</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Some remarks on predicting multi-label attributes in molecular biosystems, Molecular Biosystems, 9 (2013) 1092-1100.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref285"><label>285</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Predicting Drugs Side Effects Based on Chemical-Chemical Interactions and Protein-Chemical Interactions, BioMed Research International, 2013 (2013) 8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref286"><label>286</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">P.M. Feng, W. Chen, H. Lin, K.C. Chou, iHSP-PseRAAAC: Identifying the heat shock protein families using pseudo reduced amino acid alphabet composition, Anal. Biochem., 442 (2013) 118-125.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref287"><label>287</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Ji, Y.X. Li, Y.D. Cai, K.C. Chou, Metagenome assembly validation: which metagenome contigs are bona fide?, Current Bioinformatics, 8 (2013) 511-523.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref288"><label>288</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W.Z. Lin, J.A. Fang, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, iLoc-Animal: A multi-label learning classifier for predicting subcellular localization of animal proteins Molecular BioSystems, 9 (2013) 634-644.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref289"><label>289</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L. Liu, Y. Ma, R.L. Wang, W.R. Xu, S.Q. Wang, K.C. Chou, Find novel dual-agonist drugs for treating type 2 diabetes by means of cheminformatics, Drug Design, Development and Therapy 7(2013) 279-287.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref290"><label>290</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J.L. Min, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, iEzy-Drug: A web server for identifying the interaction between enzymes and drugs in cellular networking, BioMed Research International (BMRI), 2013 (2013) 701317.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref291"><label>291</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J.F. Wang, K.C. Chou, Metallo-beta-Lactamases: Structural Features, Antibiotic Recognition, Inhibition, and Inhibitor Design, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 13 (2013) 1242-1253.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref292"><label>292</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, W.Z. Lin, K.C. Chou, Recent advances in predicting protein classification and their applications to drug development, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 13 (2013) 1622-1635.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref293"><label>293</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, J.L. Min, P. Wang, K.C. Chou, iGPCR-Drug: A web server for predicting interaction between GPCRs and drugs in cellular networking, PLoS ONE, 8 (2013) e72234.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref294"><label>294</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, J.L. Min, P. Wang, K.C. Chou, Predict drug-protein interaction in cellular networking, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 13 (2013) 1707-1712.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref295"><label>295</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, P. Wang, K.C. Chou, Recent progresses in identifying nuclear receptors and their families, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 13 (2013) 1192-1200.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref296"><label>296</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, P. Wang, W.Z. Lin, J.H. Jia, K.C. Chou, iAMP-2L: A two-level multi-label classifier for identifying antimicrobial peptides and their functional types, Anal. Biochem., 436 (2013) 168-177.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref297"><label>297</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Xu, J. Ding, L.Y. Wu, K.C. Chou, iSNO-PseAAC: Predict cysteine S-nitrosylation sites in proteins by incorporating position specific amino acid propensity into pseudo amino acid composition PLoS ONE, 8 (2013) e55844.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref298"><label>298</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Xu, X.J. Shao, L.Y. Wu, N.Y. Deng, K.C. Chou, iSNO-AAPair: incorporating amino acid pairwise coupling into PseAAC for predicting cysteine S-nitrosylation sites in proteins, PeerJ, 1 (2013) e171.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref299"><label>299</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Chen, P.M. Feng, E.Z. Deng, H. Lin, K.C. Chou, iTIS-PseTNC: a sequence-based predictor for identifying translation initiation site in human genes using pseudo trinucleotide composition, Anal. Biochem., 462 (2014) 76-83.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref300"><label>300</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Chen, P.M. Feng, H. Lin, K.C. Chou, iSS-PseDNC: identifying splicing sites using pseudo dinucleotide composition, Biomed Research International (BMRI), 2014 (2014) 623149.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref301"><label>301</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W.R. Qiu, X. Xiao, W.Z. Lin, K.C. Chou, iUbiq-Lys: Prediction of lysine ubiquitination sites in proteins by extracting sequence evolution information via a grey system model Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics (JBSD) 33 (2015) 1731-1742.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref302"><label>302</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, J.L. Min, W.Z. Lin, Z. Liu, X. Cheng, K.C. Chou, iDrug-Target: predicting the interactions between drug compounds and target proteins in cellular networking via the benchmark dataset optimization approach, J Biomol Struct Dyn (JBSD), 33 (2015) 2221-2233.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref303"><label>303</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">R. Xu, J. Zhou, B. Liu, Y.A. He, Q. Zou, X. Wang, K.C. Chou, Identification of DNA-binding proteins by incorporating evolutionary information into pseudo amino acid composition via the top-n-gram approach, Journal of Biomolecular Structure &amp; Dynamics (JBSD), 33 (2015) 1720-1730.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref304"><label>304</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L. Cai, Y.H. Yang, L. He, K.C. Chou, Modulation of cytokine network in the comorbidity of schizophrenia and tuberculosis, Curr Top Med Chem, 16 (2016) 655-665.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref305"><label>305</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L. Cai, W. Yuan, Z. Zhang, L. He, K.C. Chou, In-depth comparison of somatic point mutation callers based on different tumor next-generation sequencing depth data Scientific Reports, 6 (2016) 36540.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref306"><label>306</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Chen, R. Long, X.L. Wang, B. Liu, K.C. Chou, dRHP-PseRA: detecting remote homology proteins using profile-based pseudo protein sequence and rank aggregation, Scientific Reports, (2016) 6:32333.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref307"><label>307</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Chen, H. Ding, P. Feng, H. Lin, K.C. Chou, iACP: a sequence-based tool for identifying anticancer peptides, Oncotarget, 7 (2016) 16895-16909.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref308"><label>308</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Chen, P. Feng, H. Ding, H. Lin, K.C. Chou, Using deformation energy to analyze nucleosome positioning in genomes, Genomics, 107 (2016) 69-75.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref309"><label>309</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Chen, H. Tang, J. Ye, H. Lin, K.C. Chou, iRNA-PseU: Identifying RNA pseudouridine sites Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids 5 (2016) e332.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref310"><label>310</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Jia, Z. Liu, X. Xiao, B. Liu, K.C. Chou, iPPBS-Opt: A Sequence-Based Ensemble Classifier for Identifying Protein-Protein Binding Sites by Optimizing Imbalanced Training Datasets, Molecules, 21 (2016) E95.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref311"><label>311</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Jia, L. Zhang, Z. Liu, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, pSumo-CD: Predicting sumoylation sites in proteins with covariance discriminant algorithm by incorporating sequence-coupled effects into general PseAAC, Bioinformatics, 32 (2016) 3133-3141.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref312"><label>312</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, L. Fang, R. Long, X. Lan, K.C. Chou, iEnhancer-2L: a two-layer predictor for identifying enhancers and their strength by pseudo k-tuple nucleotide composition, Bioinformatics, 32 (2016) 362-369.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref313"><label>313</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, F. Liu, L. Fang, X. Wang, K.C. Chou, repRNA: a web server for generating various feature vectors of RNA sequences, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 291 (2016) 473-481.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref314"><label>314</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, R. Long, K.C. Chou, iDHS-EL: Identifying DNase I hypersensi-tivesites by fusing three different modes of pseudo nucleotide composition into an ensemble learning framework, Bioinformatics, 32 (2016) 2411-2418.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref315"><label>315</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Z. Liu, X. Xiao, D.J. Yu, J. Jia, W.R. Qiu, K.C. Chou, pRNAm-PC: Predicting N-methyladenosine sites in RNA sequences via physical-chemical properties, Anal. Biochem., 497 (2016) 60-67.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref316"><label>316</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W.R. Qiu, B.Q. Sun, X. Xiao, Z.C. Xu, K.C. Chou, iHyd-PseCp: Identify hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine in proteins by incorporating sequence-coupled effects into general PseAAC, Oncotarget, 7 (2016) 44310-44321.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref317"><label>317</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W.R. Qiu, B.Q. Sun, X. Xiao, Z.C. Xu, K.C. Chou, iPTM-mLys: identifying multiple lysine PTM sites and their different types, Bioinformatics, 32 (2016) 3116-3123.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref318"><label>318</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W.R. Qiu, X. Xiao, Z.C. Xu, K.C. Chou, iPhos-PseEn: identifying phosphorylation sites in proteins by fusing different pseudo components into an ensemble classifier, Oncotarget, 7 (2016) 51270-51283.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref319"><label>319</label><mixed-citation publication-type="book" xlink:type="simple">A. Vaseghi, M. Faridounnia, S. Shokrollahzade, S. Jahandideh, K.C. Chou, Prediction of protein quaternary structures in Pattern Recognition, in “Computational Molecular Biology: Techniques and Approaches, Chap. 14” (Ed. Elloumi, M; Iliopoulos, CS; Wang, JTL; Zomaya, AY), John Wiley &amp; Sons, New Jersey, 2016.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref320"><label>320</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, H.X. Ye, Z. Liu, J.H. Jia, K.C. Chou, iROS-gPseKNC: predicting replication origin sites in DNA by incorporating dinucleotide position-specific propensity into general pseudo nucleotide composition, Oncotarget, 7 (2016) 34180-34189.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref321"><label>321</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Xu, K.C. Chou, Recent progress in predicting posttranslational modification sites in proteins, Curr Top Med Chem, 16 (2016) 591-603.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref322"><label>322</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">C.J. Zhang, H. Tang, W.C. Li, H. Lin, W. Chen, K.C. Chou, iOri-Human: identify human origin of replication by incorporating dinucleotide physicochemical properties into pseudo nucleotide composition, Oncotarget, 7 (2016) 69783-69793.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref323"><label>323</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Zhu, Q.W. Cong, Y. Liu, C.L. Wan, T. Yu, G. He, L. He, L. Cai, K.C. Chou, Antithrombin is an importantly inhibitory role against blood clots, Curr Top Med Chem, 16 (2016) 666-674.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref324"><label>324</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Chen, P. Feng, H. Yang, H. Ding, H. Lin, K.C. Chou, iRNA-AI: identifying the adenosine to inosine editing sites in RNA sequences, Oncotarget, 8 (2017) 4208-4217.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref325"><label>325</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Cheng, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, pLoc-mPlant: predict subcellular localization of multi-location plant proteins via incorporating the optimal GO information into general PseAAC, Molecular BioSystems, 13 (2017) 1722-1727.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref326"><label>326</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Cheng, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, pLoc-mVirus: predict subcellular localization of multi-location virus proteins via incorporating the optimal GO information into general PseAAC, Gene (Erratum: ibid., 2018, Vol.644, 156-156), 628 (2017) 315-321.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref327"><label>327</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Cheng, S.G. Zhao, W.Z. Lin, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, pLoc-mAnimal: predict subcellular localization of animal proteins with both single and multiple sites, Bioinformatics, 33 (2017) 3524-3531.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref328"><label>328</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Cheng, S.G. Zhao, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, iATC-mISF: a multi-label classifier for predicting the classes of anatomical therapeutic chemicals, Bioinformatics (Corrigendum, ibid., 2017, Vol.33, 2610), 33 (2017) 341-346.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref329"><label>329</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Cheng, S.G. Zhao, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, iATC-mHyb: a hybrid multi-label classifier for predicting the classification of anatomical therapeutic chemicals, Oncotarget, 8 (2017) 58494-58503.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref330"><label>330</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, An unprecedented revolution in medicinal chemistry driven by the progress of biological science, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 17 (2017) 2337-2358.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref331"><label>331</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q.S. Du, S.Q. Wang, N.Z. Xie, Q.Y. Wang, R.B. Huang, K.C. Chou, 2L-PCA: A two-level principal component analyzer for quantitative drug design and its applications, Oncotarget, 8 (2017) 70564-70578.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref332"><label>332</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">P. Feng, H. Ding, H. Yang, W. Chen, H. Lin, K.C. Chou, iRNA-PseColl: Identifying the occurrence sites of different RNA modifications by incorporating collective effects of nucleotides into PseKNC, Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids 7(2017) 155-163.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref333"><label>333</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, S. Wang, R. Long, K.C. Chou, iRSpot-EL: identify recombination spots with an ensemble learning approach, Bioinformatics, 33 (2017) 35-41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref334"><label>334</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, H. Wu, K.C. Chou, Pse-in-One 2.0: An improved package of web servers for generating various modes of pseudo components of DNA, RNA, and protein sequences, Natural Science, 9 (2017) 67-91.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref335"><label>335</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, H. Wu, D. Zhang, X. Wang, K.C. Chou, Pse-Analysis: a python package for DNA/RNA and protein/peptide sequence analysis based on pseudo components and kernel methods, Oncotarget, 8 (2017) 13338-13343.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref336"><label>336</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, F. Yang, K.C. Chou, 2L-piRNA: A two-layer ensemble classifier for identifying piwi-interacting RNAs and their function, Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids, 7 (2017) 267-277.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref337"><label>337</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L.M. Liu, Y. Xu, K.C. Chou, iPGK-PseAAC: identify lysine phosphoglycerylation sites in proteins by incorporating four different tiers of amino acid pairwise coupling information into the general PseAAC, Med Chem, 13 (2017) 552-559.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref338"><label>338</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Niu, M. Zhang, P. Du, L. Jiang, R. Qin, Q. Su, F. Chen, D. Du, Y. Shu, K.C. Chou, Small molecular floribundiquinone B derived from medicinal plants inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity, Oncotarget, 8 (2017) 57149-57162.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref339"><label>339</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W.R. Qiu, S.Y. Jiang, B.Q. Sun, X. Xiao, X. Cheng, K.C. Chou, iRNA-2methyl: identify RNA 2’-O-methylation sites by incorporating sequence-coupled effects into general PseKNC and ensemble classifier, Medicinal Chemistry, 13 (2017) 734-743.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref340"><label>340</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W.R. Qiu, S.Y. Jiang, Z.C. Xu, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, iRNAm5C-PseDNC: identifying RNA 5-methylcytosine sites by incorporating physical-chemical properties into pseudo dinucleotide composition, Oncotarget, 8 (2017) 41178-41188.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref341"><label>341</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W.R. Qiu, B.Q. Sun, X. Xiao, D. Xu, K.C. Chou, iPhos-PseEvo: Identifying human phosphorylated proteins by incorporating evolutionary information into general PseAAC via grey system theory, Molecular Informatics, 36 (2017) UNSP 1600010.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref342"><label>342</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Q. Su, W. Lu, D. Du, F. Chen, B. Niu, K.C. Chou, Prediction of the aquatic toxicity of aromatic compounds to tetrahymena pyriformis through support vector regression, Oncotarget, 8 (2017) 49359-49369.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref343"><label>343</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Wang, B. Yang, J. Revote, A. Leier, T.T. Marquez-Lago, G. Webb, J. Song, K.C. Chou, T. Lithgow, POSSUM: a bioinformatics toolkit for generating numerical sequence feature descriptors based on PSSM profiles, Bioinformatics, 33 (2017) 2756-2758.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref344"><label>344</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, X. Cheng, S. Su, Q. Nao, K.C. Chou, pLoc-mGpos: Incorporate key gene ontology information into general PseAAC for predicting subcellular localization of Gram-positive bacterial proteins, Natural Science, 9 (2017) 330-349.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref345"><label>345</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Xu, C. Li, K.C. Chou, iPreny-PseAAC: identify C-terminal cysteine prenylation sites in proteins by incorporating two tiers of sequence couplings into PseAAC, Med Chem, 13 (2017) 544-551.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref346"><label>346</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Z.D. Zhang, K. Liang, K. Li, G.Q. Wang, K.W. Zhang, L. Cai, S.T. Zha, K.C. Chou, Chlorella vulgaris induces apoptosis of human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells, Med Chem, 13 (2017) 560-568.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref347"><label>347</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L. Cai, T. Huang, J. Su, X. Zhang, W. Chen, F. Zhang, L. He, K.C. Chou, Implications of newly identified brain eQTL genes and their interactors in Schizophrenia, Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids, 12 (2018) 433-442.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref348"><label>348</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Chen, H. Ding, X. Zhou, H. Lin, K.C. Chou, iRNA(m6A)-PseDNC: Identifying N6-methyladenosine sites using pseudo dinucleotide composition, Anal. Biochem., 561-562 (2018) 59-65.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref349"><label>349</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Chen, P. Feng, H. Yang, H. Ding, H. Lin, K.C. Chou, iRNA-3typeA: identifying 3-types of modification at RNA’s adenosine sites, Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acid, 11 (2018) 468-474.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref350"><label>350</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Z. Chen, X. Liu, F. Li, C. Li, T. Marquez-Lago, A. Leier, T. Akutsu, G.I. Webb, D. Xu, A.I. Smith, L. Li, K.C. Chou, J. Song, Large-scale comparative assessment of computational predictors for lysine post-translational modification sites, Brief in Bioinform (2018).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref351"><label>351</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Z. Chen, P.Y. Zhao, F. Li, Leier A, T.T. Marquez-Lago, Y. Wang, G.I. Webb, A.I. Smith, R.J. Daly, K.C. Chou, J. Song, iFeature: a python package and web server for features extraction and selection from protein and peptide sequences, Bioinformatics, 34 (2018) 2499-2502.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref352"><label>352</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Cheng, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, pLoc-mEuk: Predict subcellular localization of multi-label eukaryotic proteins by extracting the key GO information into general PseAAC, Genomics, 110 (2018) 50-58.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref353"><label>353</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Cheng, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, pLoc-mGneg: Predict subcellular localization of Gram-negative bacterial proteins by deep gene ontology learning via general PseAAC, Genomics, 110 (2018) 231-239.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref354"><label>354</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Cheng, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, pLoc-mHum: predict subcellular localization of multi-location human proteins via general PseAAC to winnow out the crucial GO information, Bioinformatics, 34 (2018) 1448-1456.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref355"><label>355</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Cheng, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, pLoc_bal-mGneg: predict subcellular localization of Gram-negative bacterial proteins by quasi-balancing training dataset and general PseAAC, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 458 (2018) 92-102.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref356"><label>356</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Cheng, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, pLoc_bal-mPlant: predict subcellular localization of plant proteins by general PseAAC and balancing training dataset Curr Pharm Des, 24 (2018) 4013-4022.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref357"><label>357</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">A. Ehsan, K. Mahmood, Y.D. Khan, S.A. Khan, K.C. Chou, A Novel Modeling in Mathematical Biology for Classification of Signal Peptides, Scientific Reports, 8 (2018) 1039.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref358"><label>358</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.D. Khan, N. Rasool, W. Hussain, S.A. Khan, K.C. Chou, iPhosT-PseAAC: Identify phosphothreonine sites by incorporating sequence statistical moments into PseAAC, Anal. Biochem., 550 (2018) 109-116.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref359"><label>359</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.D. Khan, N. Rasool, W. Hussain, S.A. Khan, K.C. Chou, iPhosY-PseAAC: identify phosphotyrosine sites by incorporating sequence statistical moments into PseAAC, Molecular biology reports, 45 (2018) 2501-2509.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref360"><label>360</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">F. Li, C. Li, T.T. Marquez-Lago, A. Leier, T. Akutsu, A.W. Purcell, A.I. Smith, T. Lightow, R.J. Daly, J. Song, K.C. Chou, Quokka: a comprehensive tool for rapid and accurate prediction of kinase family-specific phosphorylation sites in the human proteome, Bioinformatics, 34 (2018) 4223-4231.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref361"><label>361</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">F. Li, Y. Wang, C. Li, T.T. Marquez-Lago, A. Leier, N.D. Rawlings, G. Haffari, J. Revote, T. Akutsu, K.C. Chou, A.W. Purcell, R.N. Pike, G.I. Webb, A. Ian Smith, T. Lithgow, R.J. Daly, J.C. Whisstock, J. Song, Twenty years of bioinformatics research for protease-specific substrate and cleavage site prediction: a comprehensive revisit and benchmarking of existing methods, Brief in Bioinform (2018).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref362"><label>362</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, K. Li, D.S. Huang, K.C. Chou, iEnhancer-EL: Identifying enhancers and their strength with ensemble learning approach, Bioinformatics, 34 (2018) 3835-3842.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref363"><label>363</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, F. Weng, D.S. Huang, K.C. Chou, iRO-3wPseKNC: Identify DNA replication origins by three-window-based PseKNC, Bioinformatics, 34 (2018) 3086-3093.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref364"><label>364</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, F. Yang, D.S. Huang, K.C. Chou, iPromoter-2L: a two-layer predictor for identifying promoters and their types by multi-window-based PseKNC, Bioinformatics, 34 (2018) 33-40.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref365"><label>365</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W.R. Qiu, B.Q. Sun, X. Xiao, Z.C. Xu, J.H. Jia, K.C. Chou, iKcr-PseEns: Identify lysine crotonylation sites in histone proteins with pseudo components and ensemble classifier, Genomics, 110 (2018) 239-246.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref366"><label>366</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Song, F. Li, A. Leier, T.T. Marquez-Lago, T. Akutsu, G. Haffari, K.C. Chou, G.I. Webb, R.N. Pike, PROSPERous: high-throughput prediction of substrate cleavage sites for 90 proteases with improved accuracy, Bioinformatics, 34 (2018) 684-687.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref367"><label>367</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Song, F. Li, K. Takemoto, G. Haffari, T. Akutsu, K.C. Chou, G.I. Webb, PREvaIL, an integrative approach for inferring catalytic residues using sequence, structural and network features in a machine learning framework, Journal of Theoretical  Biology, 443 (2018) 125-137.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref368"><label>368</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Song, Y. Wang, F. Li, T. Akutsu, N.D. Rawlings, G.I. Webb, K.C. Chou, iProt-Sub: a comprehensive package for accurately mapping and predicting protease-specific substrates and cleavage sites, Brief in Bioinform, 20 (2018) 638-658.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref369"><label>369</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Z.D. Su, Y. Huang, Z.Y. Zhang, Y.W. Zhao, D. Wang, W. Chen, K.C. Chou, H. Lin, iLoc-lncRNA: predict the subcellular location of lncRNAs by incorporating octamer composition into general PseKNC, Bioinformatics, 34 (2018) 4196-4204.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref370"><label>370</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Wang, J. Li, B. Yang, R. Xie, T.T. Marquez-Lago, A. Leier, M. Hayashida, T. Akutsu, Y. Zhang, K.C. Chou, J. Selkrig, T. Zhou, J. Song, T. Lithgow, Bastion3: a two-layer approach for identifying type III secreted effectors using ensemble learning, Bioinformatics, 35 (2018) 2017-2028.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref371"><label>371</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Wang, B. Yang, A. Leier, T.T. Marquez-Lago, M. Hayashida, A. Rocker, Z. Yanju, T. Akutsu, K.C. Chou, R.A. Strugnell, J. Song, T. Lithgow, Bastion6: a bioinformatics approach for accurate prediction of type VI secreted effectors, Bioinformatics, 34 (2018) 2546-2555.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref372"><label>372</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H. Yang, W.R. Qiu, G. Liu, F.B. Guo, W. Chen, K.C. Chou, H. Lin, iRSpot-Pse6NC: Identifying recombination spots in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by incorporating hexamer composition into general PseKNC International Journal of Biological Sciences, 14 (2018) 883-891.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref373"><label>373</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Zhang, R. Xie, J. Wang, A. Leier, T.T. Marquez-Lago, T. Akutsu, G.I. Webb, K.C. Chou, J. Song, Computational analysis and prediction of lysine malonylation sites by exploiting informative features in an integrative machine-learning framework, Brief in Bioinform (2018).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref374"><label>374</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">O. Barukab, Y.D. Khan, S.A. Khan, K.C. Chou, iSulfoTyr-PseAAC: Identify tyrosine sulfation sites by incorporating statistical moments via Chou’s 5-steps rule and pseudo components Current Genomics, 20 (2019) 306-320.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref375"><label>375</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Cheng, W.Z. Lin, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, pLoc_bal-mAnimal: predict subcellular localization of animal proteins by balancing training dataset and PseAAC, Bioinformatics, 35 (2019) 398-406.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref376"><label>376</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Advance in predicting subcellular localization of multi-label proteins and its implication for developing multi-target drugs, Current Medicinal Chemistry 26 (2019) 4918-4943.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref377"><label>377</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Recent progresses in predicting protein subcellular localization with artificial intelligence tools developed via the 5-steps rule, Medicinal Chemistry, Submitted (2019).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref378"><label>378</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Impacts of pseudo amino acid components and 5-steps rule to proteomics and proteome analysis, Current Topics in Medicinak Chemistry (CTMC) (Special Issue ed. G.P Zhou), 19 (2019) 2283-2300.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref379"><label>379</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Proposing pseudo amino acid components is an important milestone for proteome and genome analyses (2019), International Journal for Peptide Research and Therapeutics (IJPRT) 26 (2019) 1085-1098.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref380"><label>380</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Two kinds of metrics for computational biology, Genomics, (2019).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref381"><label>381</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, An insightful recollection for predicting protein subcellular locations in multi-label systems, Natural Science, (2019).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref382"><label>382</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Artificial intelligence (AI) tools constructed via the 5-steps rule for predicting post-translational modifications, Trends in Artificial Inttelengence (TIA), 3 (2019) 60-74.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref383"><label>383</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Recent Progresses in Predicting Protein Subcellular Localization with Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools Developed Via the 5-Steps Rule, Japanese Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2(2019) 1-4.https://www.jjgastrohepto.org/v2issue4.php</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref384"><label>384</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, An insightful recollection since the distorted key theory was born about 23 years ago, Genomics (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.09.001 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888754319305543?via%3Dihub</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref385"><label>385</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, An insightful recollection since the birth of Gordon Life Science Institute about 17 years ago, Advancement in Scientific and Engineering Research 4(2019) 31-36.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref386"><label>386</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Gordon Life Science Institute: Its philosophy, achievements, and perspective, Annals of Cancer Therapy and Pharmacology 2(2019) 001-026. https://onomyscience.com/onomy/cancer_archive_volume2_issue2.html</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref387"><label>387</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, An Insightful 10-year Recollection Since the Emergence of the 5-steps Rule, Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25 (2019) 4223-4234.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref388"><label>388</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, An Insightful 20-Year Recollection Since the Birth of Pseudo Amino Acid Components, JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS, STATISTICS AND COMPUTING, 1 (2019) 5-16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref389"><label>389</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Intriguing Story about the Birth of Gordon Life Science Institute and its Development and Driving Force, J Retro Virol Anti Retro Virol 1(2019) 180002.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref390"><label>390</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to illustrate how the web-server iNitro-Tyr is working, Glo J of Com Sci and Infor Tec., 2 (2019) 1-16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref391"><label>391</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to illustrate how the web-server iDNA6mA-PseKNC is working, Journal of Pathology Research Reviews &amp; Reports, 1 (2019) 1-15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref392"><label>392</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The pLoc_bal-mPlant is a Powerful Artificial Intelligence Tool for Predicting the Subcellular Localization of Plant Proteins Purely based on their Sequence Information, Int J Nutr Sci., 4 (2019) 1-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref393"><label>393</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Intriguing Story about the Birth of Gordon Life Science Institute and its Development and Driving Force, J Retro Virol Anti Retro Virol, 1 (2019) 180002.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref394"><label>394</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The pLoc_bal-mPlant is a powerful artificial intelligence tool for predicting the subcellular localization of plant proteins purely based on their sequence information, J Stem Cell Res Med, 4 (2019) 1-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref395"><label>395</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to Illustrate How the Web-Server pLoc_bal-mEuk is Working, JSM Clin Cytol Pathol, 4 (2019) 1-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref396"><label>396</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to illustrate how the web-server iDNA6mA-PseKNC is working, Journal of Pathology Research Reviews &amp; Reports, 1 (2019) 1-15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref397"><label>397</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The cradle of Gordon Life Science Institute and its development and driving force (Review Article), Int J Biol Genetics, 1 (2019) 1-28.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref398"><label>398</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, How the artificial intelligence tool iSNO-PseAAC is working in predicting the cysteine S-nitrosylation sites in proteins, J Stem Cell Res Med, 4 (2019) 1-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref399"><label>399</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The pLoc_bal-mAnimal is a powerful artificial intelligence tool for predicting the subcellular localization of animal proteins based on their sequence information alone, Scientific Journal of Biometrics &amp; Biostatistics, 2 (2019) 1-13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref400"><label>400</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, X. Cheng, X. Xiao, pLoc_bal-mHum: predict subcellular localization of human proteins by PseAAC and quasi-balancing training dataset Genomics, 111 (2019) 1274-1282.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref401"><label>401</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, X. Cheng, X. Xiao, pLoc_bal-mEuk: predict subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins by general PseAAC and quasi-balancing training dataset, Med Chem, 15 (2019) 472-485.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref402"><label>402</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">A. Ehsan, M.K. Mahmood, Y.D. Khan, O.M. Barukab, S.A. Khan, K.C. Chou, iHyd-PseAAC (EPSV): Identify hydroxylation sites in proteins by extracting enhanced position and sequence variant feature via Chou's 5-step rule and general pseudo amino acid composition, Current Genomics, 20 (2019) 124-133.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref403"><label>403</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">P. Feng, H. Yang, H. Ding, H. Lin, W. Chen, K.C. Chou, iDNA6mA-PseKNC: Identifying DNA N(6)-methyladenosine sites by incorporating nucleotide physicochemical properties into PseKNC, Genomics, 111 (2019) 96-102.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref404"><label>404</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Hussain, S.D. Khan, N. Rasool, S.A. Khan, K.C. Chou, SPalmitoylC-PseAAC: A sequence-based model developed via Chou's 5-steps rule and general PseAAC for identifying S-palmitoylation sites in proteins, Anal. Biochem., 568 (2019) 14-23.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref405"><label>405</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Hussain, Y.D. Khan, N. Rasool, S.A. Khan, K.C. Chou, SPrenylC-PseAAC: A sequence-based model developed via Chou's 5-steps rule and general PseAAC for identifying S-prenylation sites in proteins, J. Theor. Biol., 468 (2019) 1-11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref406"><label>406</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. Ilyas, W. Hussain, A. Ashraf, Y.D. Khan, S.A. Khan, K.C. Chou, iMethylK-PseAAC: Improving accuracy for lysine methylation sites identification by incorporating statistical moments and position relative features into general PseAAC via Chou’s 5-steps rule, Current Genomics (2019).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref407"><label>407</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Jia, X. Li, W. Qiu, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, iPPI-PseAAC(CGR): Identify protein-protein interactions by incorporating chaos game representation into PseAAC, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 460 (2019) 195-203.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref408"><label>408</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. Khan, M. Khan, N. Iqbal, T. Hussain, S.A. Khan, K.C. Chou, A Two-Level Computation Model Based on Deep Learning Algorithm for Identification of piRNA and Their Functions via Chou’s 5-Steps Rule Human Genetics 19 (2019) 756-799.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref409"><label>409</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.D. Khan, A. Batool, N. Rasool, A. Khan, K.C. Chou, Prediction of nitrosocysteine sites using position and composition variant features, Letters in Organic Chemistry, 16 (2019) 283-293.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref410"><label>410</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.D. Khan, M. Jamil, W. Hussain, N. Rasool, S.A. Khan, K.C. Chou, pSSbond-PseAAC: Prediction of disulfide bonding sites by integration of PseAAC and statistical moments, J. Theor. Biol., 463 (2019) 47-55.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref411"><label>411</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">F. Li, Y. Zhang, A.W. Purcell, G.I. Webb, K.C. Chou, T. Lithgow, C. Li, J. Song, Positive-unlabelled learning of glycosylation sites in the human proteome, BMC Bioinformatics, 20 (2019) 112.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref412"><label>412</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Lu, S. Wang, J. Wang, G. Zhou, Q. Zhang, X. Zhou, B. Niu, Q. Chen, K.C. Chou, An Epidemic Avian Influenza Prediction Model Based on Google Trends, Letters in Organic Chemistry, 16 (2019) 303-310.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref413"><label>413</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, X. Cheng, G. Chen, Q. Mao, K.C. Chou, pLoc_bal-mGpos: predict subcellular localization of Gram-positive bacterial proteins by quasi-balancing training dataset and PseAAC, Genomics, 111 (2019) 886-892.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref414"><label>414</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Xiao, Z.C. Xu, W.R. Qiu, P. Wang, H.T. Ge, K.C. Chou, iPSW(2L)-PseKNC: A two-layer predictor for identifying promoters and their strength by hybrid features via pseudo K-tuple nucleotide composition, Genomics, 111 (2019) 1785-1793.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref415"><label>415</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">M. Zhang, F. Li, T.T. Marquez-Lago, A. Leier, C. Fan, C.K. Kwoh, K.C. Chou, J. Song, C. Jia, MULTiPly: a novel multi-layer predictor for discovering general and specific types of promoters, Bioinformatics, 35 (2019) 2957-2965.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref416"><label>416</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Progresses in predicting post-translational modification (2019), International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics (IJPRT), 26 (2020) 873-888.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref417"><label>417</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Distorted Key Theory and Its Implication for Drug Development, Current Genomics, (2020). http://www.eurekaselect.com/175823/article</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref418"><label>418</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Some illuminating remarks on molecular genetics and genomics as well as drug development, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 295 (2020) 261-274.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref419"><label>419</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, How the Artificial Intelligence Tool iRNA-PseU is Working in Predicting the RNA Pseudouridine Sites, Biomed J Sci &amp; Tech Res, 24 (2020). https://doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2020.24.004016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref420"><label>420</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to Illustrate how the webserver pLoc_bal-mEuk Is working, Biomed J Sci &amp; Tech Res, 24 (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref421"><label>421</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The pLoc_bal-mGneg Predictor is a Powerful Web-Server for Identifying the Subcellular Localization of Gram-Negative Bacterial Proteins based on their Sequences Information Alone, ijSci, 9 (2020) 27-34.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref422"><label>422</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, How the artificial intelligence tool iRNA-2methyl is working for RNA 2’-Omethylation sites, Journal of Medical Care Research and Review, 3 (2020) 348-366.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref423"><label>423</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The pLoc_bal-mVirus is a powerful artificial intelligence tool for predicting the subcellular localization of virus proteins according to their sequence information alone, J Gent &amp; Genome, 4 (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref424"><label>424</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to illustrate how the web-server iRNA-Methyl is working, J Mol Genet, 3 (2020) 1-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref425"><label>425</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to illustrate how the web-server iSNO-AAPair is working, J Gent &amp; Genome, 4 (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref426"><label>426</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The pLoc_bal-mHum is a Powerful Web-Serve for Predicting the Subcellular Localization of Human Proteins Purely Based on Their Sequence Information, Adv Bioeng Biomed Sci Res, 3 (2020) 1-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref427"><label>427</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to Illustrate How the Web-server iPTM-mLys is working, Infotext Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy [IJID], 1 (2020) 1-16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref428"><label>428</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, An insightful 20-year recollection since the birth of pseudo amino acid components, Amino Acids, in press (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref429"><label>429</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The pLoc_bal-mGpos is a powerful artificial intelligence tool for predicting the subcellular localization of Gram-positive bacterial proteins according to their sequence information alone, Glo J of Com Sci and Infor Tec, 2 (2020) 01-13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref430"><label>430</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to illustrate how the web-server iPreny-PseAAC is working, Glo J of Com Sci and Infor Tec., 2 (2020) 01-15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref431"><label>431</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Most Important Ethical Concerns in Science, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 35-36.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref432"><label>432</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Problem of Elsevier Series Journals Online Submission by Using Artificial Intelligence, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 37-38.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref433"><label>433</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Other Mountain Stones Can Attack Jade: The 5-Steps Rule, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 59-64.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref434"><label>434</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Using Similarity Software to Evaluate Scientific Paper Quality Is a Big Mistake, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 42-58.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref435"><label>435</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Proposing 5-Steps Rule Is a Notable Milestone for Studying Molecular Biology, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 74-79.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref436"><label>436</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, How the artificial intelligence tool iHyd-PseAAC is working in predicting the hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine in proteins., MedRead J Hematol, 1 (2020) 1001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref437"><label>437</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, How the Artificial Intelligence Tool iHyd-PseAAC is Working in Predicting the Hydroxyproline and Hydroxylysine in Proteins, Peer Re J Foren &amp; Gen Sci, 4 (2020) 272-274.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref438"><label>438</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Gordon Life Science Institute and Its Impacts on Computational Biology and Drug Development, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 125-161.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref439"><label>439</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, How the Artificial Intelligence Tool pSumo-CD is Working for Predicting Sumoylation Sites in Proteins, Journal of Biotechnology &amp; Bioinformatics Research, 1 (2020) 1-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref440"><label>440</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to illustrate how the web-server pLoc_Deep-mPlant is working, Integrative Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 1 (2020) 001-002.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref441"><label>441</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to illustrate how the web-server pLoc_Deep-mVirus is working, Clinical Research and Trials (Clin Res Trials), 6 (2020) 1-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref442"><label>442</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to illustrate how the web-server pLoc_Deep-mGneg is working, Clin Med Case Rep J, 1 (2020) 1-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref443"><label>443</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to illustrate how the web-server pLoc_Deep-mAnimal is working, Am J of Viro and Dis. 2020; 2(1): 01-02., 2 (2020) 01-02.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref444"><label>444</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, How the artificial intelligence tool iHyd-PseAAC is working in predicting the hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine in proteins, ES J Microbiol, 1 (2020) 1004-1006.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref445"><label>445</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, How the artificial intelligence tool iPGK-PseAAC is working in predicting lysine phosphoglycerylation sites in proteins, ES J Microbiol, 1 (2020) 1003-1004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref446"><label>446</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Development of Gordon Life Science Institute: Its Driving Force and Accomplishments, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 202-217.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref447"><label>447</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to illustrate how the web-server iATC_Deep-mISF is working, Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: G Bio-Tech &amp; Genetics 20 (2020) 1-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref448"><label>448</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to illustrate how the Webserver pLoc_Deep-mGpos is working, Open Acc J Bio Sci, 2 (2020) 345-346.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref449"><label>449</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to Illustrate How the Web-Server pLoc_Deep-mEuk Is Working, Advances in Bioscience and Biotecnology (ABB), 11 (2020) 257-272.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref450"><label>450</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Showcase to Illustrate How the Web-Server pLoc_Deep-mHum Is Working, Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology (ABB), 11 (2020) 273-288.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref451"><label>451</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, How the artificial intelligence tool iSuc-PseOpt is working for predicting lysine succinylation sites in proteins, Biomedical Research and Clinical Reviews, 1 (2020) 1-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref452"><label>452</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Significant and Profound Impacts of Chou’s Distorted Key Theory for Developing Peptide Drugs, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 638-639.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref453"><label>453</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Significant and Profound Impacts of Chou's Pseudo Amino Acid Composition or PseAAC, Natural Acience, 12 (2020) 647-658.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref454"><label>454</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, A Stimulat Recollection for Chou's Invariance Theorem, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 659-660.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref455"><label>455</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Significant and Profound Impacts of Chou's “wenxiang” Diagram, Voice of the Publishers (VP), 6 (2020) 102-103.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref456"><label>456</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Significant and Profound Impacts of Pseudo K-Tuple Nucleotide Composition, Voice of the Publisher (VP), 6 (2020) 91-101.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref457"><label>457</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Revisiting the paper on “Prediction of Tight Turns and Their Types in Proteins” (Short Communication), Scholarly Journal of Food and Nutrition (SJFN), 3 (2020) 374-375.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref458"><label>458</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Significant and Profound Impacts of the Studies on the Rate of Diffusion-Controlled Reactions of Enzyme, International Journal of Social Science and Economocs Invention (IJSCEI) 06 (2020) 1-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref459"><label>459</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.N. Fan, X. Xiao, J.L. Min, K.C. Chou, iNR-Drug: Predicting the interaction of drugs with nuclear receptors in cellular networking, Intenational Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS), 15 (2014) 4915-4937.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref460"><label>460</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S.H. Guo, E.Z. Deng, L.Q. Xu, H. Ding, H. Lin, W. Chen, K.C. Chou, iNuc-PseKNC: a sequence-based predictor for predicting nucleosome positioning in genomes with pseudo k-tuple nucleotide composition, Bioinformatics, 30 (2014) 1522-1529.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref461"><label>461</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H. Lin, E.Z. Deng, H. Ding, W. Chen, K.C. Chou, iPro54-PseKNC: a sequence-based predictor for identifying sigma-54 promoters in prokaryote with pseudo k-tuple nucleotide composition, Nucleic Acids Res., 42 (2014) 12961-12972.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref462"><label>462</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, J. Xu, X. Lan, R. Xu, J. Zhou, X. Wang, K.C. Chou, iDNA-Prot|dis: identifying DNA-binding proteins by incorporating amino acid distance-pairs and reduced alphabet profile into the general pseudo amino acid composition, PLoS ONE, 9 (2014) e106691.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref463"><label>463</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, D. Zhang, R. Xu, J. Xu, X. Wang, Q. Chen, Q. Dong, K.C. Chou, Combining evolutionary information extracted from frequency profiles with sequence-based kernels for protein remote homology detection, Bioinformatics, 30 (2014) 472-479.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref464"><label>464</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W.R. Qiu, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, iRSpot-TNCPseAAC: Identify recombination spots with trinucleotide composition and pseudo amino acid components, Int J Mol Sci (IJMS), 15 (2014) 1746-1766.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref465"><label>465</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Xu, X. Wen, X.J. Shao, N.Y. Deng, K.C. Chou, iHyd-PseAAC: Predicting hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine in proteins by incorporating dipeptide position-specific propensity into pseudo amino acid composition, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 15 (2014) 7594-7610.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref466"><label>466</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Xu, X. Wen, L.S. Wen, L.Y. Wu, N.Y. Deng, K.C. Chou, iNitro-Tyr: Prediction of nitrotyrosine sites in proteins with general pseudo amino acid composition, PLoS ONE, 9 (2014) e105018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref467"><label>467</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L. Cai, C.L. Wan, L. He, S. Jong, K.C. Chou, Gestational influenza increases the risk of psychosis in adults, Medicinal Chemistry, 11 (2015) 676-682.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref468"><label>468</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Chen, P. Feng, H. Ding, H. Lin, K.C. Chou, iRNA-Methyl: Identifying N6-methyladenosine sites using pseudo nucleotide composition, Anal. Biochem., 490 (2015) 26-33.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref469"><label>469</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Chen, P. Feng, H. Ding, H. Lin, K.C. Chou, Benchmark data for identifying N6-methyladenosine sites in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, Data in brief, 5 (2015) 376-378.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref470"><label>470</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Chen, H. Lin, K.C. Chou, Pseudo nucleotide composition or PseKNC: an effective formulation for analyzing genomic sequences, Mol BioSyst, 11 (2015) 2620-2634.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref471"><label>471</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Chen, X. Zhang, J. Brooker, H. Lin, L. Zhang, K.C. Chou, PseKNC-General: a cross-platform package for generating various modes of pseudo nucleotide compositions, Bioinformatics, 31 (2015) 119-120.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref472"><label>472</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Impacts of bioinformatics to medicinal chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, 11 (2015) 218-234.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref473"><label>473</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, An unprecedented revolution in medicinal science, Proceedings of the MOL2NET (International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences) 1(2015) 1-10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref474"><label>474</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Jia, Z. Liu, X. Xiao, K.C. Chou, iPPI-Esml: an ensemble classifier for identifying the interactions of proteins by incorporating their physicochemical properties and wavelet transforms into PseAAC, J. Theor. Biol., 377 (2015) 47-56.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref475"><label>475</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, L. Fang, F. Liu, X. Wang, J. Chen, K.C. Chou, Identification of real microRNA precursors with a pseudo structure status composition approach, PLoS ONE, 10 (2015) e0121501.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref476"><label>476</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, L. Fang, S. Wang, X. Wang, H. Li, K.C. Chou, Identification of microRNA precursor with the degenerate K-tuple or Kmer strategy, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 385 (2015) 153-159.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref477"><label>477</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, F. Liu, L. Fang, X. Wang, K.C. Chou, repDNA: a Python package to generate various modes of feature vectors for DNA sequences by incorporating user-defined physicochemical properties and sequence-order effects, Bioinformatics, 31 (2015) 1307-1309.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref478"><label>478</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Liu, F. Liu, X. Wang, J. Chen, L. Fang, K.C. Chou, Pse-in-One: a web server for generating various modes of pseudo components of DNA, RNA, and protein sequences, Nucleic Acids Res., 43 (2015) W65-W71.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref479"><label>479</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Liu, J. Song, M.Y. Wang, L. He, L. Cai, K.C. Chou, Association of EGF rs4444903 and XPD rs13181 polymorphisms with cutaneous melanoma in Caucasians, Medicinal Chemistry, 11 (2015) 551-559.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref480"><label>480</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Z. Liu, X. Xiao, W.R. Qiu, K.C. Chou, iDNA-Methyl: Identifying DNA methylation sites via pseudo trinucleotide composition, Anal. Biochem., 474 (2015) 69-77.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref481"><label>481</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Significant and Profound Impacts of the Studies on the Rate of Diffusion-Controlled Reactions of Enzyme (Short Communication), Scholar Journal of Food and Nutrition (SJFN), 3 (2020) 372-373.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref482"><label>482</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Revisiting the Paper “Origin of the Right-Handed Twist of Beta-Sheets of Poly-L-Valine Chains”. (Short Communication), Scholarly Journal of Food and Nutrition (SJFN), 3 (2020) 376-377.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref483"><label>483</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Analyze the Role of the “5-Steps Rule” Guidelines in Stimulating the Drug Development (Short Communication), Scholarly Journal of Food and Nutrition (SJFN), 3 (2020) 385-386.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref484"><label>484</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Analyze the Role of “Pseudo Amino Acid Composition” in Stimulating the Drug Development.  Annual Cas Rep Rev: ACRR-161, Annals of Case Reports &amp; Reviews (ACRR), (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref485"><label>485</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Recent progresses for computationally identifying N6-methyladenosine sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computation, 4 (2020) 153-173.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref486"><label>486</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The significant and profound impacts of protein subcellular localization prediction (Short Communication), Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4 (2020) 1-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref487"><label>487</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Revisiting the Paper on “Prediction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Cleavage Sites in Proteins”, Archives of Molecular Medicine Journal (Arch Mol Med J), Vol.1 (2020) Page: 1-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref488"><label>488</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Significant and Profound Impacts of Pseudo K-Tuple Nucleotide Composition, Archives of Molecular Medicine Journal (Arch Mol Med J), Vol.1 (2020) page 1-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref489"><label>489</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Significant and Profound Impacts of Low-Frequency Internal Motions (Phonons) in Biomacromolecules (Short Communication), Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 4(2020) 1-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref490"><label>490</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Significant and Profound Impacts of Chou’s Invariance Theorem (Short Communication), J Med Adv Clin Case Rep, 10 (2020) 1-1.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref491"><label>491</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Revisiting the Paper on “Prediction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Cleavage Sites in Proteins” (Short Communication), Archives of Molecular Medicine Journal (Arch Mol Med J), 1 (2020) 1-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref492"><label>492</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, A Stimulating Recollection of Chou's “Wenxiang” Diagram (Short Communication), PAST, 1 (2020) 05.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref493"><label>493</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, A Stimulating Recollection of Chou's Graph Theory in Enzyme Kinetics, Voice of Publication (VP), 2020 (2020) 161-163.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref494"><label>494</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, A Stimulating Recollection of Low-Frequency Internal Motions (Phonons) in Biomacromolecules, Voice of Publication (VP), 6 (2020) 164-166.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref495"><label>495</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Significant and Profound Impacts of Gordon Life Science Institute Short, Int J Genomics Proteomics Metabolomics Bioinformatics, 3 (2020) 43-50.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref496"><label>496</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">G.Q. Zhou, W.Z. Zhong, Diffusion-controlled reactions of enzymes. A comparison between Chou's model and Alberty-Hammes-Eigen's model, Eur. J. Biochem., 128 (1982) 383-387.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref497"><label>497</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, H.A. Scheraga, Origin of the right-handed twist of beta-sheets of poly-L-valine chains, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS USA), 79 (1982) 7047-7051.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref498"><label>498</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, G.M. Maggiora, H.A. Scheraga, The role of loop-helix interactions in stabilizing four-helix bundle proteins, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS USA), 89 (1992) 7315-7319.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref499"><label>499</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X. Du, Y. Diao, H. Liu, S. Li, MsDBP: Exploring DNA-binding Proteins by Integrating Multi-scale Sequence Information via Chou's 5-steps Rule, Journal of Proteome Research, 18 (2019) 3119-3132.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref500"><label>500</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">A. Dutta, A. Dalmia, A. R, K.K. Singh, A. Anand, Using the Chou’s 5-steps rule to predict splice junctions with interpretable bidirectional long short-term memory networks, Comput Biol Med, 116 (2019) 103558.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref501"><label>501</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Z. Jun, S.Y. Wang, Identify Lysine Neddylation Sites Using Bi-profile Bayes Feature Extraction via the Chou's 5-steps Rule and General Pseudo Components, Current Genomics, 20 (2019) 592-601.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref502"><label>502</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Lan, J. Liu, C. Liao, D.J. Merkler, Q. Han, J. Li, A Study for Therapeutic Treatment against Parkinson’s Disease via Chou's 5-steps Rule, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 19 (2019) 2318-2333.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref503"><label>503</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">R. Liang, J. Xie, C. Zhang, M. Zhang, H. Huang, H. Huo, X. Cao, B. Niu, Identifying Cancer Targets Based on Machine Learning Methods via Chou’s 5-steps Rule and General Pseudo Components, Current Topics in Medicnal Chemistry, 19 (2019) 2301-2317.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref504"><label>504</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Liang, S. Zhang, Identifying DNase I hypersensitive sites using multi-features fusion and F-score features selection via Chou’s 5-steps rule, Biophys Chem, 253 (2019) 106227.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref505"><label>505</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">A. Wiktorowicz, A. Wit, A. Dziewierz, L. Rzeszutko, D. Dudek, P. Kleczynski, Calcium Pattern Assessment in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis Via the Chou’s 5-Steps Rule, Current Pharmaceutical Design 25 (2019) 6-31.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref506"><label>506</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L. Yang, Y. Lv, S. Wang, Q. Zhang, Y. Pan, D. Su, Q. Lu, Y. Zuo, Identifying FL11 subtype by characterizing tumor immune microenvironment in prostate adenocarcinoma via Chou’s 5-steps rule, Genomics, 112 (2019) 1500-1515.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref507"><label>507</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">M.A. Akmal, W. Hussain, N. Rasool, Y.D. Khan, S.A. Khan, K.C. Chou, Using Chou’s 5-steps rule to predict O-linked serine glycosylation sites by blending position relative features and statistical moment, IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform, PP (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref508"><label>508</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H. Bouziane, A. Chouarfia, Use of Chou’s 5-steps rule to predict the subcellular localization of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial proteins by multi-label learning based on gene ontology annotation and profile alignment, J Integr Bioinform, (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref509"><label>509</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">P. Charoenkwan, N. Schaduangrat, C. Nantasenamat, T. Piacham, W. Shoombuatong, iQSP: A Sequence-Based Tool for the Prediction and Analysis of Quorum Sensing Peptides via Chou’s 5-Steps Rule and Informative Physicochemical Properties, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21 (2020) 75.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref510"><label>510</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">P. Charoenkwan, N. Schaduangrat, C. Nantasenamat, T. Piacham, W. Shoombuatong, Correction: Shoombuatong, W., et al. iQSP: A Sequence-Based Tool for the Prediction and Analysis of Quorum Sensing Peptides via Chou's 5-Steps Rule and Informative Physicochemical Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 75, Int J Mol Sci, 21 (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref511"><label>511</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Chen, X. Fan, Use of Chou’s 5-Steps Rule to Reveal Active Compound and Mechanism of Shuangshen Pingfei San on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Curr Mol Med, 20 (2020) 220-230.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref512"><label>512</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L. Du, Q. Meng, H. Jiang, Y. Li, Using Evolutionary Information and Multi-Label Linear Discriminant Analysis to Predict the Subcellular Location of Multi-Site Bacterial Proteins via Chou’s 5-Steps Rule, IEEE Access, 8 (2020) 56452-56461.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref513"><label>513</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Z. Ju, S.Y. Wang, Prediction of lysine formylation sites using the composition of k-spaced amino acid pairs via Chou's 5-steps rule and general pseudo components, Genomics, 112 (2020) 859-866.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref514"><label>514</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">M. Kabir, S. Ahmad, M. Iqbal, M. Hayat, iNR-2L: A two-level sequence-based predictor developed via Chou’s 5-steps rule and general PseAAC for identifying nuclear receptors and their families, Genomics, 112 (2020) 276-285.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref515"><label>515</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">D. Nguyen, T. Ho-Quang, L. Nguyen Quoc Khanh, V. Dinh-Phan, Y.Y. Ou, Use Chou’s 5-steps rule with different word embedding types to boost performance of electron transport protein prediction model, IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform, PP (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref516"><label>516</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">R.P. Pandey, S. Kumar, S. Ahmad, A. Vibhuti, V.S. Raj, A.K. Verma, P. Sharma, E. Leal, Use Chou’s 5-steps rule to evaluate protective efficacy induced by antigenic proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles, Life Sci., 256 (2020) 117961.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref517"><label>517</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">T. Roy, P. Bhattacharjee, A LabVIEW-based real-time modeling approach via Chou’s 5-steps rule for detection of abnormalities in cancer cells, Gene Reports, (2020) 100788.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref518"><label>518</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H. Vundavilli, A. Datta, C. Sima, J. Hua, R. Lopes, M. Bittner, Using Chou’s 5-steps rule to Model Feedback in Lung Cancer IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 21 (2020) 1-24.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref519"><label>519</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L. Yang, Y. Lv, S. Wang, Q. Zhang, Y. Pan, D. Su, Q. Lu, Y. Zuo, Identifying FL11 subtype by characterizing tumor immune microenvironment in prostate adenocarcinoma via Chou’s 5-steps rule, Genomics, 112 (2020) 1500-1515.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref520"><label>520</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. Zhang, T. Xue, Use Chou's 5-steps rule to identify DNase I hypersensitive sites via dinucleotide property matrix and extreme gradient boosting, Molecular genetics and genomics: MGG, (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref521"><label>521</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Z. Zhang, L. Wang, Using Chou’s 5-steps rule to identify N(6)-methyladenine sites by ensemble learning combined with multiple feature extraction methods, J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., (2020) 1-11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref522"><label>522</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">M. Gerritsen, K.C. Chou, G. Nemethy, H.A. Scheraga, Energetics of multi-helix interactions in protein folding: Application to myoglobin, Biopolymers, 24 (1985) 1271-1291.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref523"><label>523</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Applications of graph theory to enzyme kinetics and protein folding kinetics: steady and non-steady state systems (Short Communication), Journal of Sensor Networks and Data Communications, 1 (2020) 06-07.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref524"><label>524</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, Revisiting the paper on “Applications of graph theory to enzyme kinetics and protein folding kinetics: steady and non-steady state systems” (Short Communication), J, Biotechnology and Bioprocessing, 1 (2020) 1-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref525"><label>525</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">L. Fang, X. Wang, Z. Lai, D. Zhang, M. Wu, Z. Pan, L. Wang, K. Tang, D. Qian, Z. Huang, X. Wang, H. Chen, K.C. Chou, Reveal the molecular principle of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Index of Sciences, 12 (2020) 1-13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref526"><label>526</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Jia, X. Wei, W. Qiu, K.C. Chou, iSulf_Wide-PseAAC: Predict S-sulfonylation sites in proteins by Wide learning approach Genomics, in press (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref527"><label>527</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. Khan, M. Khan, N. Iqbal, S.A. Khan, K.C. Chou, Prediction of piRNAs and their function based on discriminative intelligent model using hybrid features into Chou's PseKNC, Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory (CHEMOLAB), 203 (2020) 104056.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref528"><label>528</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.D. Khan, N. Amin, W. Hussain, N. Rasool, S.A. Khan, K.C. Chou, iProtease-PseAAC(2L): A two-layer predictor for identifying proteases and their types using Chou’s 5-step-rule and general PseAAC, Anal. Biochem., 588 (2020) 113477.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref529"><label>529</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">W. Lin, X. Xiao, W. Qiu, K.C. Chou, Use Chou's 5-Steps Rule to Predict Remote Homology Proteins by Merging Grey Incidence Analysis and Domain Similarity Analysis, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 181-198.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref530"><label>530</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">X.X. Liu, K.C. Chou, pLoc_Deep-mGneg: predict subcellular localization of Gram negative bacterial proteins by deep learning Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology (ABB) 11 (2020) 141-152.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref531"><label>531</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Z. Lu, K.C. Chou, Showcase to illustrate how the web-server pLoc_Deep-mGpos is working, Journal of Biomedical cience and Engineering (JBiSE) 13 (2020) 55-65.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref532"><label>532</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Z. Lu, K.C. Chou, iATC_Deep-mISF: a multi-label classifier for predicting the classes of anatomical therapeutic chemicals by deep learning, Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology (ABB) 11 (2020) 153-159.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref533"><label>533</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">B. Niu, C. Liang, Y. Lu, M. Zhao, Q. Chen, Y. Zhang, L. Zheng, K.C. Chou, Glioma stages prediction based on machine learning algorithm combined with protein-protein ineraction networks, Genomics, 112 (2020) 837-847.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref534"><label>534</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">G. Pugalenthi, V. Nithya, K.C. Chou, G. Archunan, Nglyc: A random forest method for prediction of N-Glycosylation sites in eukaryotic protein sequence, Protein &amp; Peptide Letters, 27 (2020) 178-186.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref535"><label>535</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.H. Shao, K.C. Chou, pLoc_Deep-mVirus: A CNN Model for Predicting Subcellular Localization of Virus Proteins by Deep Learning, Natural Science, 12 (2020) 1-12.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref536"><label>536</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.T. Shao, K.C. Chou, pLoc_Deep-mEuk: predict subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins by deep learning Natural Science, 12 (2020) 1-29.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref537"><label>537</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.T. Shao, K.C. Chou, pLoc_Deep-mAnimal: A Novel Deep CNN-BLSTM Network to Predict Subcellular Localization of Animal Proteins Natural Science, 12 (2020) 281-291.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref538"><label>538</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.T. Shao, X.X. Liu, Z. Lu, K.C. Chou, pLoc_Deep-mHum: predict subcellular localization of human proteins by deep learning Natural Science, 12 (2020) 526-547.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref539"><label>539</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y.T. Shao, X.X. Liu, Z. Lu, K.C. Chou, pLoc_Deep-mPlant: predict subcellular localization of plant proteins by deep learning Natural Science 12 (2020) 237-247.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref540"><label>540</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">R. Xu, L. Lei, R. Qin, Z. Huang, K.C. Chou, The topological entropy mechanism of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Natural Science, 12 (2020) 737-742.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref541"><label>541</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">D. Zhang, L. Fang, L. Wang, Z. Pan, Z. Lai, M. Wu, K. Tang, L. Ludan, Q. Dahong, Z. Huang, X. Wang, H. Chen, K.C. Chou, The physicochemical mechanism of pestilences or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Acad. J. Microbiol. Res., 8 (2020) 049-055.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref542"><label>542</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">D. Zhang, L. Fang, L. Wang, Z. Pan, Z. Lai, M. Wu, K. Tang, L. Ludan, D. Qian, Z. Huang, X. Wang, H. Chen, K.C. Chou, The Physical Principle of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Index of Sciences, 12 (2020) 1-13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref543"><label>543</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">D. Zhang, L. Fang, L. Wang, Z. Pan, Z. Lai, M. Wu, K. Tang, L. Ludan, D. Qian, Z. Huang, X. Wang, H. Chen, K.C. Chou, The Chemical Mechanism of Pestilences or Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Natural Science, 12 (2020) 717-725.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref544"><label>544</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">G.P. Zhou, K.C. Chou, Two Latest Hot Researches in Medicinal Chemistry, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 20 (2020) 1-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref545"><label>545</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Significant and Profound Impacts of Protein Subcellular Localization Prediction, Voice of Publication (VP), 7 (2021) 2380-7571.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref546"><label>546</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, The Significant and Profound Impacts of Gordon Life Science Institute, Voice of Publication (VP), 7 (2021) 1-26.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref547"><label>547</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">P.H. Guo, Z. Huang, X. Wang, H. Chen, K.C. Chou, The cellular mechanism of pestilences or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Natural Science, 13 (2021) 8-19.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.107807-ref548"><label>548</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">K.C. Chou, S. Forsen, Graphical rules for enzyme-catalyzed rate laws, Biochem. J., 187 (1980) 829-835.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>