In the case of an orbital electric charge q has been under the influence of the central electric charge field Q as in the classical atomic model [2].

Two harmonic magnetic poles q_m and Q_m, are generated around each other as if they represent a magnetic atomic model accompanying the electric atomic model as shown in Figure 1.

By assuming that r 1 , r n , r ⊥ are orthogonal unit vectors representing right-handed system, the values of orbital and central magnetic pole can be calculated as follows:

q m = q v α = q ( v α r n )

Q m = Q V α r n = Q v α

where

q_m: The orbital harmonic magnetic pole.

Q_m: The central magnetic pole.

As a result of this new situation, magnetic forces are generated between these two harmonic poles, in addition to the emergence of new magnetic potential energy among them.

Consequently, the magnitude of these forces and potential energies will work with each other in the system, affecting the movement of the orbital and central charge.

Meaning that the classical atomic model actually became two overlapping atomic models that exchange interaction with each other in the system and affect the movement of objects in it according to the following equations:

∑ F = F e m = F e + F m

∑ ε = ε k + ε e m = ε k + ε e + ε m

∑ P = P k + P e m

where

∑ F : Total forces affecting moving charge q.

F_e: The electrical forces, F e = K q × Q r 2 .

F_m: The magnetic forces, F m = k m q m ⋅ Q m r 2 .

∑ ε : The total energy of charge.

ε e m : The total electromagnetic potential energy.

ε e : Electric potential energy, ε e = K q × Q r .

ε m : The magnetic potential energy, ε m = k m q m ⋅ Q m r .

P: Total momentum of charge.

P_k: The kineticmomentum, P k = m v .

P_em: electromagnetic momentum, P e m = q A .

A: The magnetic vector potential, A = k m Q m r .

k_m: coulomb magnetic constant, k m = k c 2 .

There is a match in shape between equations of the atomic and the astronomical models [3], the difference is in the constants of these fields, so by letting,

q → m : Q → M : k → G (2.1)

we obtain the Gravito m ^ agnetic field laws.

For example, we conclude from this there is Gravito m ^ agnetic forces between two masses according to the following equation:

F g m ^ = F g + F m ^

where

F_g: is the gravitational force, F g = G m M r 2 .

F m ^ : is the m ^ agnetic force, F m ^ = G m m m ⋅ M m r 2 .

m, M: are the two masses.

m_m, M_m: are the two m ^ agnetic poles, m m = m v , M m = M v .

r: is the distance between masses.

G: is the gravitational constant.

G_m: is the gravitational m ^ agnetic constant, G m = G c 2 .

Gravitational and m ^ agnetic force equations can be reformulated as follows:

F g = G m c 2 ε E r 2

F m ^ = G m p ⋅ P r 2

where

ε , E : are the two energy of masses, ε = m c 2 , E = M c 2 .

p , P : are the two momentum of masses, p = m v , P = M v .

We can prove that the electromagnetic radiation mass m^r is a mass which is equivalent to the potential energy between two electric charges ε_e according to the following equation:

ε e = m r c 2

where:

ε e = k q Q r

we can find the radiation mass m^r(x) for any distance r_x as the following,

m r ( x ) = ε e c 2 = 1 c 2 ( k q Q r x ) = k c 2 q Q r x = k m q Q r x

the radiation mass will be negative if the electric charges have opposite signs and positive if the electric charges have like-signed.

The electromagnetic momentum equation takes the following form

P e m = q A

Then we get

P e m = q A = q ( k m Q m r ) = k m q ( Q V α ) r = ( k m q Q r ) V α = m r V α = p r

The radiation momentum can be writing on the following form

p r = m r V α

where:

P^r: radiation momentum equals the magnetic potential momentum P_em.

m^r: The radiation mass.

A: The magnetic vector potential.

Q_m: The central magnetic pole.

The forces of attraction or repulsion between two radiation masses can be calculated by law of universal gravitation

F r = − G m r M r r 2

where

F_r: is the Radiation force, it is attractive if the radiation masses have like-signed (i.e., F is negative) and repulsive if opposite signs (i.e., F is positive)

m^r, M^r: are the two radiation masses,

r: is the distance between masses,

G: is the gravitational constant.

The kahromatic particle looks like a massless hydrogen atom, has constant, one direction velocity which equals the orbital speed of electron in Bohr’s Hydrogen Atom.

For a particle to be in mechanical equilibrium, the net force must be zero, in the form of an equation, this condition is:

F n e t = 0

Then,

F e m − F r = 0 ⇒ F r = F e m

G ( m r ( z ) ) 2 r z 2 = k q 2 r z 2

Thus

( m r ( z ) ) 2 = k G q 2 = δ 2 q 2

m r ( z ) = ± q δ (4.1)

As it is the first condition of getting the kahromatic particles in mechanical equilibrium.

Where

δ : is the kahromatic equilibrium constant and its unit is a kilogram/colum.

r_z: is defined as the critical distance between kahromatic charges.

m r ( z ) : is the critical radiation mass.

In this case, the kahromatic particles act as free-floating neutral particles whose collisions are subject to the laws and assumptions of the ideal gas theory.

Suppose that we have a piston contains within it kahromatic particles gas has constant, one direction motion (i.e., without spin or vibrations), which can be represented by the classical ideal gas, as shown in Figure 4.

Assuming that N is the number molecules of theparticles gas, and that the weight of the molecule of this gas is m₀, therefore the number of moles of this gas n is given or expressed by the equation:

n = m M

where

m = m 0 × N , M = m 0 × N A

In this case, the general law of gases can be applied to the piston as the following:

n R T z = 2 ε t o t a l r (5.1)

where

n: is the number of gas molecules.

ε t o t a l r : is the total kinetic energy of kahromatic gas.

R: is the gas constant J∙K⁻¹∙mol⁻¹.

T_z: is the temperature of gas in equivalent case K.

On the other hand, the total energy of gas ε t o t a l r is given by the equation:

ε t o t a l r = N ε r

where ε r is the radiation kinetic energy of one particle, which can be formulated as follows:

ε r = ( 1 2 m r v 2 ) = 1 2 ε e c 2 v 2 = 1 2 α 2 ε e = 1 2 α 2 1 r z ( k q 2 r z ) r z = 1 2 α 2 ( k q 2 r z 2 ) r z = 1 2 α 2 F r z (5.2)

2 N ε r = α 2 F N r z

Thus, the right side of Equation (5.1) can be replaced by the equivalent of the last equation, so that we have the following equation:

n R T z = α 2 F N r z

Therefore

n K m R T z = α 2 K m F ⋅ N r z

T z α 2 K m F = N r z K m n R =   ∝ 2

So, we can get the relationships

T z α 2 K m F =   ∝ 2 (5.3)

N r z K m n R =   ∝ 2 (5.4)

where

K_m: is the magnetic coulomb constant N/A².

∝ : is the proportionality value.

We know that:

α 2 K m F = α 2 K m ( k q 2 r 2 ) = K m ( k c 2 q 2 r 2 α 2 c 2 )

α 2 K m F = ( K m q v r ) 2 = A 2

where A is the magnetic vector potential, and thus the Equation (5.4) can be reformulated as follows

T z α 2 K m F = T z A 2 =   ∝ 2

Therefore

T z =   ∝ 2   A 2 (5.6)

Which means that the temperature of the system is directly proportional to the square of the magnetic vector potential within the system.

The last equation represents the relationship between only two different physical sciences: electromagnetism and thermodynamics.

The equation of critical radiation mass has the following formula

m r ( z ) = K m q 2 r z

Therefore,

m r ( z ) r z = K m q 2

m r ( z ) ( ∝ 2   K m K B ) = K m q 2

q 2 = m r ( z )   ∝ 2   K B

q =   ∝ 2 ( m r ( z ) q ) K B

As the system is within kahromatic equilibrium state, so

q =   ∝ 2   δ K B (5.7)

The last equation represents the relationship between three different physical sciences: gravitational, electromagnetism and thermodynamics, which explains that the Boltzmann constant is origin of electric charge.

The absolute value is a the exact value of the gravitational constant without relativity, which can be found as follows:

By squaring the two sides of the Equation (5.7), we get the following:

q 2 =   ∝ 4   δ 2 ( k B ) 2

Then,

q 2 =   ∝ 4   k G ( k B ) 2

G =   ∝ 4   k ( k B q ) 2 (6.1)

The last equation can be reformulated in terms of the elementary charge e and speed of light c to have the following form:

∝ 4   k m ( k B e ) 2 c 2 = 10 − 19 ( k B e c ) 2 = G

In accordance with relationship

G = 10 − 19 ( k B e c ) 2 (6.2)

And it is the exact formula for determining the value of the general gravitational constant, which known in the khromatic theory as “The Law Of Gravitational Constant”.

Where:

G: absolute gravitational constant (m³∙kg⁻¹∙s⁻²).

C: Speed of light in vacuum (m/s).

e: Elementary charge (colum).

k_B: Boltzmann constant (J/K).

The relativistic value can be calculated as follows:

F = G M m r 2

From the theory of relativity, we have

m = γ m 0 : M = γ M 0     as     γ = 1 1 − ( v c ) 2

Then we get:

F = γ 2 G M 0 m 0 r 2 = G r M 0 m 0 r 2

In last equation we assuming that,

G r = γ 2 G

where

G_r: relativistic gravitational constant,

v: is the orbital speed of electron in an atom of hydrogen.

We conclude from Equation (5.5) that proportionality value ∝ is a constant value, accordingly, for any the electron velocity v, and q is equal to the elementary charge, e, the constant value ∝ can be calculated as follows:

q = e

m r ( z ) = δ q = 1.859249 × 10 − 9   kg

r z = K m q 2 m r ( z ) = K m q δ = 1.380648 × 10 − 36   m

T z K B = ε r ( z ) = m r ( z ) v 2 = 1.85927 × 10 − 5   J

A = K m q m r z = K m q v r z = 1.160452 × 10 12   tesla ⋅ metre

where

v = 100   m / s

e = 1.602176 × 10 − 19   C

k B = 1.380648 × 10 − 23 J / K

k m = 10 − 7

δ = 1.1604522 × 10 10 kg / colum

Thus

T = m r ( z ) v 2 K B = 1.346643 × 10 18

A 2 = 1.346649 × 10 24

∝ 2   = T A 2 = 1.346649 × 10 18 1.346649 × 10 24 = 10 − 6

Then we get

∝   = 10 − 3

Using substitution in the value of constants from an abbreviated list of the 2014 CODATA recommended values of the fundamental constants of physics and chemistry, we get the absolute value of the gravitation constant equaling:

C: 299792458 (m/s).

e: 1.6021766208 (98) × 10⁻¹⁹ (colum).

k_B: 1.38064852 (79) × 10⁻²³ (J/K).

So,

G = 10 − 19 ( 1.38064852 × 10 − 23 1.6021766208 × 10 − 19 × 299792458 ) 2

G = 6.674010551359 × 10 − 11     m 3 ⋅ kg − 1 ⋅ s − 2

From equation,

G r = γ 2 G

where

γ = 1 1 − α 2

α : fine-structure   constant = 7.2973525664 × 10 − 3

And on calculation the relativistic value of gravitational constant we get:

G r = 6.674365970388 × 10 − 11   m 3 ⋅ kg − 1 ⋅ s − 2