The age of migrants youth interviewed within the age defined by the united nation 15 - 25 years old. 49% percent of them were between the 15 - 18 years old, while 51% of them between 19 - 25. Literacy was low among migrants youth about 51% of migrant youth had brothers and sisters out of the education. Father were the head of the household of most of the sample of migrant youth (see Table 1).

Source field work 2018.

The majority 88% of the migrants’ youth migrated searching for a job for a better life, in addition to poverty of their families and war (see Table 2).

Some of the migrants were new arrival 18.7% while 69.6 lived in Khartoum for 3 to 6 years. Very few were more than 9 years (see Table 3).

Housing

Most of migrants youth 81.9% rent small houses with migrants friends. Others about 13.8% live with their relatives who settled before as a family, uncle or cousins. Very few 4.4% live with their family those who migrated with their family (see Table 4).

Contact with place of origin

Migrants youth kept good contact with their place of origin that 92% visit their area continuously specially during festivals or family’s commitments (see Table 5).

Source field work 2018.

61.4% of migrant youth could not socially integrate with people in Khartoum State (see Figure 1). The youth gave different reason of this lack of social integration. Most of migrants youth returned it to the difference of tradition also others argue that they don’t knows them because of the life style of them (see Table 6).

As said on group discussion we have different traditions and values, other said our time is different we are busy working all the all the time.

Three said we lived in isolated area with our friends and relatives.

One of youth said we as migrants youth spend our time together because we have common interest, Some of them said there are no activities going on to encourage us integrate with other people (see Figure 1).

85% of the sample developed friendship with people in Khartoum State (see Table 7).

They said in group discussion we had fiends form the migrant youths who worked with us in the markets and came from different States.

Youth opinion on their livelihood in Khartoum:

The 55.7% of migrant youth prefer their livelihood in their area than Khartoum State while other 44.3 found easy to live in Khartoum (see Figure 2 and Table 8).

Migrant youth states in group discussion, “The life here is very difficult the availability of work encouraged us to continue living on Khartoum, Other said it’s easy for us to live in Khartoum”.

88% of the migrant youth did not plan to go back to their area. See table some of them planed to travel and work outside Sudan (see Table 9 and Figure 3).

The study found the young age of migrants youth some of them on the age group 15 - 18. And other on the age 19 - 25 this goes with definition of the youth of UN. A third of total migrants from developing countries are aged 12 to 24. Sudan has a very young population More than a third of all migrants worldwide are under the age of 29.

Two thirds of Sudanese are under the age of 34. Over 20% of young people are unemployed. Youth migration data in Sudan indicated approximately one-fourth of all migrants are less than 18 years old, and that after age 12, the likelihood of migrating separately from parents begins to increase, with steepest increases between ages 15 and 17 (Yaqub, 2009) [1]. A quarter of youth, living in urban areas and half of those living in rural areas are poor. The result indicated low literacy rate of migrant youth as majority of them could not continue their education for socio economic reasons (poverty). The study indicates high education dropped out among the brothers and sisters of migrant youth, It is found that rural areas in Sudan lack education services. Rural youth are often found in unpaid family work, especially in agriculture, or employed as own-account, wage casual and seasonal workers in the informal economy, where they earn low wages, have limited job security and insufficient access to social protection.

The decision of whether to migrate or not is one of many important decisions that young men and women make throughout the developing world. The results indicated majority of youth migrated searching of the jobs as majority before migration were unemployed. General trends Opportunities are often tied to current location, and many young s migrate to work or attend school, leaving their parents and natal homes behind.

The study indicated migration was livelihood strategies available to rural youth. Same results found by Youth migrated to, facilitate access to goods and services, or invest in income-generating activities. Unavailability work of areas where the youth migrated from was reason moved them to urban sector. According to ILO Unemployment rates for youth are almost three times higher than adults ones in all regions of the world, ranging from nearly two times in Sub-Saharan Africa has provided arguments explaining work in the agricultural sector suffers from a negative perception i.e. it is often associated with low returns, drudgery and demanding work but at the same time low social status.

Most of youth did not live with their families they rent a house together with as group of youth from different areas, the number of year youth stay in Khartoum ranged between one year and up to ten year. This indicates the continues process of youth migration.

The finding indicates the lack of integration of the youth with Khartoum State community because they did not have time and their livelihood style isolated them from community Some literatures indicated youth commonly face social exclusion, disruption of family, and absence of social protection, Considerable numbers of those migrants in Khartoum State live in the periphery of Khartoum City (Bello, 2008) [2]. Rural youth have good social interaction with their counterparts from their areas and work together in the informal sector, indicated the social capita was high among rural migrant groups used it as strategy to limit their poverty and vulnerabilities.

The youth indicated the life in Khartoum is not easy. These youth are very vulnerable in the city because they have left their parents and their villages where they would have been afforded with a fall back options in times of crisis, while in the city there are no formal institutions that provide support for unemployed youth.