In this section the Successive approximate method (S.A.M) introduced for solving the Wu-Zhang systems, a (1 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear dispersive wave equation, this method shows us that the technique provided without disorder, in this model of convergence power series with a simple calculated ingredients and gives effective results.
The Nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs) have a big advantage in various fields of science like mathematical, physics, chemistry, biology, mechanics, and engineering. It is important to get a reliable solution and numerical solution for nonlinear systems. In this section we solved the Wu-Zhang Systems of one dimensional with initial condition, the Wu-Zhang system can be written as
{ u t + u u x + v x = 0 v t + v u x + u v x + 1 3 u x x x = 0 (1)
where (v) is height water,(u) is the surface speed of the water along x-direction (Mix, S. K. [
The successive approximation method from important and active methods to solve partial differential equations, and also is good method for solving any initial value problem
∂ u ∂ t = f ( u , t ) , u ( x , t 0 ) = u 0 (2)
It starts by observing that any solution to (2) must also be a solution to
u ( x , t ) = u 0 + ∫ t 0 t f ( u ( x , s ) , s ) d s , (3)
Thus iterative these steps of solutions, we obtain on solution closer to the accurate solutions of (3), the S.A.M depends on the integral equation (3), as in the following:
u 0 ( x , t ) = u 0 ,
u 1 ( x , t ) = u 0 + ∫ t 0 t f ( u 0 ( x , s ) , s ) d s ,
u 2 ( x , t ) = u 0 + ∫ t 0 t f ( u 1 ( x , s ) , s ) d s ,
u 3 ( x , t ) = u 0 + ∫ t 0 t f ( u 2 ( x , s ) , s ) d s ,
This process can be continued to obtain the nth approximate
u n ( x , t ) = u 0 + ∫ t 0 t f ( u n − 1 ( x , s ) , s ) d s , n = 1 , 2 , ⋯
Therefore determine if u n ( x , t ) closer the solution u ( x , t ) as n increases. This is done by proving the following:
The sequence { u n ( x , t ) } converges to a limit u ( x , t ) , that is:
lim n → ∞ u n ( x , t ) = u ( x , t ) , t 0 ≤ x ≤ t .
The limiting function u ( x , t ) is a solution of (3) on the interval t 0 ≤ x ≤ t . The solution u ( x , t ) of (3) is unique. A proof of these results can be depended along the lines of the corresponding proof for ordinary differential equations (Coddington, 1995).
In this section, we solve the Wu-Zhang systems of one dimensional
∂ u ( x , s ) ∂ s = − u ( x , s ) ∂ u ( x , s ) ∂ x − ∂ v ( x , s ) ∂ x (4)
∂ v ( x , s ) ∂ s = − v ( x , s ) ∂ u ( x , s ) ∂ x − u ( x , s ) ∂ v ( x , s ) ∂ x − 1 3 ∂ 3 u ( x , s ) ∂ x 3 (5)
With initial condition:
u ( x , 0 ) = 1 3 k 1 [ b 0 + 18 k 1 3 + b 0 2 tanh ( 54 k 1 3 + 3 b 0 2 6 k 1 ( x + k 2 ) ) ] (6)
v ( x , 0 ) = k 1 + b 0 3 k 1 [ 1 3 k 1 [ b 0 + 18 k 1 2 + b 0 2 tanh ( 54 k 1 3 + 3 b 0 2 6 k 1 ( x + k 2 ) ) ] ] − 1 2 [ 1 3 k 1 [ b 0 + 18 k 1 3 + b 0 2 tanh ( 54 k 1 3 + 3 b 0 2 6 k 1 ( x + k 2 ) ) ] ] 2 (7)
where b 0 , k 1 and k 2 are arbitrary constants.
By using S.A.M as follows:
Integrating both sides of Equations (4), (5) with respect to (s), from (0) to (t), we get
u ( x , s ) = u ( x , 0 ) − ∫ 0 t ( u ( x , s ) ∂ u ( x , s ) ∂ x + ∂ v ( x , s ) ∂ x ) d s (8)
v ( x , s ) = v ( x , 0 ) − ∫ 0 t ( v ( x , s ) ∂ u ( x , s ) ∂ x + u ( x , s ) ∂ v ( x , s ) ∂ x + 1 3 ∂ 3 u ( x , s ) ∂ x 3 ) d s (9)
Using the initial condition in Equations (8), (9) we obtain:
u ( x , s ) = u 0 − ∫ 0 t ( u ( x , s ) ∂ u ( x , s ) ∂ x + ∂ v ( x , s ) ∂ x ) d s (10)
v ( x , s ) = v 0 − ∫ 0 t ( v ( x , s ) ∂ u ( x , s ) ∂ x + u ( x , s ) ∂ v ( x , s ) ∂ x + 1 3 ∂ 3 u ( x , s ) ∂ x 3 ) d s (11)
We substituting initial conditions u ( x , 0 ) and v ( x , 0 ) in the integral Equations (10), (11) to get a first approximation u 1 ( x , t ) and v 1 ( x , t )
u 1 ( x , s ) = u 0 − ∫ 0 t ( u 0 ( x , s ) ∂ u 0 ( x , s ) ∂ x + ∂ v 0 ( x , s ) ∂ x ) d s (12)
v 1 ( x , s ) = v 0 − ∫ 0 t ( v 0 ( x , s ) ∂ u 0 ( x , s ) ∂ x + u 0 ( x , s ) ∂ v 0 ( x , s ) ∂ x + 1 3 ∂ 3 u 0 ( x , s ) ∂ x 3 ) d s (13)
Then this u 1 ( x , t ) and v 1 ( x , t ) is substituted again in the integral of (10), (11) after replacing (t) by (s) to get a second approximation u 2 ( x , t ) and v 2 ( x , t )
u 2 ( x , s ) = u 0 − ∫ 0 t ( u 1 ( x , s ) ∂ u 1 ( x , s ) ∂ x + ∂ v 1 ( x , s ) ∂ x ) d s (14)
v 2 ( x , s ) = v 0 − ∫ 0 t ( v 1 ( x , s ) ∂ u 1 ( x , s ) ∂ x + u 1 ( x , s ) ∂ v 1 ( x , s ) ∂ x + 1 3 ∂ 3 u 1 ( x , s ) ∂ x 3 ) d s (15)
This process can continued to get the nth approximation
u n ( x , s ) = u 0 − ∫ 0 t ( u n − 1 ( x , s ) ∂ u n − 1 ( x , s ) ∂ x + ∂ v n − 1 ( x , s ) ∂ x ) d s (16)
v n ( x , s ) = v 0 − ∫ 0 t ( v n − 1 ( x , s ) ∂ u n − 1 ( x , s ) ∂ x + u n − 1 ( x , s ) ∂ v n − 1 ( x , s ) ∂ x + 1 3 ∂ 3 u ( x , s ) ∂ x 3 ) d s (17)
For n = 1 , 2 , ⋯ to solve Equations (16), (17), we use the initial conditions u ( x , 0 ) and v ( x , 0 ) which are given in Equations (6) and (7) , respectively. by using iterative steps for Equations (16), (17) we can obtain u 1 ( x , t ) , u 2 ( x , t ) , u 3 ( x , t ) and v 1 ( x , t ) , v 2 ( x , t ) , v 3 ( x , t ) , after then substituting these values in the Equations (18) and (19)
u = ∑ n = 0 ∞ u n ( x , t ) (18)
v = ∑ n = 0 ∞ v n ( x , t ) (19)
We get the following series:
u ˜ 3 ( x , t ) = 1 3 k 1 b 0 + 18 k 1 3 + b 0 2 tanh ( 1 6 k 1 54 k 1 3 + 3 b 0 2 ( x + k 2 ) ) − 1 54 b 0 ( 18 k 1 3 + b 0 2 ) 3 t k 1 3 cosh ( 1 6 k 1 3 18 k 1 3 + b 0 2 ( x + k 2 ) ) 2 + ⋯
⋮
v ˜ 3 ( x , t ) = k 1 + 1 9 k 1 2 b 0 ( b 0 + 18 k 1 3 + b 0 2 tanh ( 1 6 k 1 54 k 1 3 + 3 b 0 2 ( x + k 2 ) ) ) − 1 18 k 1 2 ( b 0 + 18 k 1 3 + b 0 2 tanh ( 1 6 k 1 54 k 1 3 + 3 b 0 2 ( x + k 2 ) ) ) 2 + 1 162 sinh ( 1 6 k 1 54 k 1 3 + 3 b 0 2 ( x + k 2 ) ( 18 k 1 3 + b 0 2 ) 54 k 1 3 + 3 b 0 2 b 0 t ) cosh ( 1 6 k 1 54 k 1 3 + 3 b 0 2 ( x + k 2 ) 3 k 1 4 ) + ⋯
⋮
Therefore, the exact solution of Wu-Zhang equation is given by
u ( x , t ) = lim n → ∞ u ˜ n ( x , t ) ,
v ( x , t ) = lim n → ∞ v ˜ n ( x , t ) ,
This solution is convergent to the exact solution
u ( x , t ) = 1 3 k 1 [ b 0 + 18 k 1 3 + b 0 2 tanh ( 54 k 1 3 + 3 b 0 2 6 k 1 ( x − b 0 3 k 1 t + k 2 ) ) ]
v ( x , t ) = k 1 + b 0 3 k 1 [ 1 3 k 1 [ b 0 + 18 k 1 3 + b 0 2 tanh ( 54 k 1 3 + 3 b 0 2 6 k 1 ( x − b 0 3 k 1 t + k 2 ) ) ] ] − 1 2 [ 1 3 k 1 [ b 0 + 18 k 1 3 + b 0 2 tanh ( 54 k 1 3 + 3 b 0 2 6 k 1 ( x − b 0 3 k 1 t + k 2 ) ) ] ] 2
The approximate results for u ( x , t ) and v ( x , t ) were compared with exact solution as showing in
In
| x | u SAM | u exact | | u SAM − u exact | |
|---|---|---|---|
| −50 | −0.07119812060 | −0.07119812060 | 5.089992619 × 10−29 |
| −40 | −0.07119812060 | −0.07119812060 | 1.807525608 × 10−23 |
| −30 | −0.07119812060 | −0.07119812060 | 6.418769275 × 10−18 |
| −20 | −0.07119812060 | −0.07119812060 | 2.279392226 × 10−12 |
| −10 | −0.07119413194 | −0.07119413830 | 6.362404900 × 10−9 |
| 0 | 0.6478908251 | 0.6509522859 | 3061460790 × 10−3 |
| 10 | 1.404527229 | 1.404527118 | 1.113311969 × 10−7 |
| 20 | 1.404531454 | 1.404531454 | 1.765272343 × 10−12 |
| 30 | 1.404531454 | 1.404531454 | 4.971007506 × 10−18 |
| 40 | 1.404531454 | 1.404531454 | 1.399835854 × 10−23 |
| 50 | 1.404531454 | 1.404531454 | 3.941938236 × 10−29 |
| x | v SAM | v exact | | v SAM − v exact | |
|---|---|---|---|
| −50 | 7.000000000 × 10−12 | 7.000000000 × 10−12 | 7.000000000 × 10−12 |
| −40 | 7.000000000 × 10−12 | 7.000000000 × 10−12 | 7.000000000 × 10−12 |
| −30 | 6.999999972 × 10−12 | 7.000000000 × 10−12 | 7.000000028 × 10−12 |
| −20 | 6.990087894 × 10−12 | 7.000000000 × 10−12 | 7.009912106 × 10−12 |
| −10 | 2943074716 × 10−6 | 2938409000 × 10−6 | 4.671715510 × 10−9 |
| 0 | 0.2749015323 | 0.2720987513 | 2802780979 × 10−3 |
| 10 | 3117925519 × 10−6 | 3200100000 × 10−6 | 8.207448126 × 10−8 |
| 20 | 7.676417228 × 10−5 | 0.0000000000000 | 7.676417228 × 10−15 |
| 30 | 2.161679351 × 10−20 | 0.0000000000000 | 2.161679351 × 10−20 |
| 40 | 6.087289664 × 10−26 | 0.0000000000000 | 6.087289664 × 10−26 |
| 50 | 1.714180972 × 10−31 | 0.0000000000000 | 1.714180972 × 10−31 |
In this search, the Successive Approximate Method (S.A.M) was used to get the approximate solution of Wu-Zhang Systems. The results we got from this method are high efficient with big accurate and give a good convergence to the exact solution.
The authors are very grateful to the University of Mosul/College of Computer Sciences and Mathematics for their provided facilities, which helped to improve the quality of this work.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Al-Rozbayani, A.M. and Shammar, A.H. (2020) Successive Approximation Method for Solving Wu- Zhang Systems of (1 + 1) Dimensional. Open Access Library Journal, 7: e6601. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106601