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Stern, Y., Albert, M., Brandt, J., et al. (1994) Utility of extrapyramidal signs and psychosis as predictors of cognitive and functional decline, nursing home admission and death in Alzheimer’s disease: Prospective analyses from the Predictors Study. Neurology, 44, 2300-2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.44.12.2300

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• TITLE: Pseudoparkinsonism: A review of a common nonparkinsonian hypokinetic movement disorder

  AUTHORS: Roger Kurlan, Marcie L. Rabin

  KEYWORDS: Parkinsonism; Pseudoparkinsonism; Paratonia; Apraxia; Akinetic-Rigid Syndrome

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Parkinson's Disease, Vol.2 No.4, November 6, 2013

  ABSTRACT: This article reviews the syndrome pseudoparkinsonism, a movement disorder described in the literature that resembles parkinsonism but differs qualitatively. Patients with this disorder have apraxic slowness, paratonic rigidity, frontal gait disorder and elements of akinesia that, taken together, may be mistaken for true parkinsonism. Pseudoparkinsonism appears to be common and is most often due to Alzheimer’s disease or vascular dementia. It seems that patients with even mild cognitive deficits can present with pseudoparkinsonism and that the primary dementing disorder may be overlooked. The authors emphasize the importance of pseudoparkinsonism and implications for clinical diagnosis, treatment and research.