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Wallace, G.G., Chen, J., Mozer, A.J., Forsyth, M., Macfarlane, D.R. and Wang, C. (2009) Nanoelectrodes: Energy conversion and storage. Materials Today, 12, 20- 27. doi:10.1016/S1369-7021(09)70177-4

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• TITLE: Energy consideration in processes of transition to equilibrium state

  AUTHORS: Sami M. Al-Jaber, Abdel-Rahman M. Abu-Labdeh

  KEYWORDS: Equilibrium State; Non-Equilibrium State; Energy Loss; Transition; Two-Capacitor Problem; Emission of a Photon; Compressed Spring

  JOURNAL NAME: Natural Science, Vol.3 No.2, March 1, 2011

  ABSTRACT: A calculation of the energy loss due to a transition from non-equilibrium to equilibrium state is given. Three different physical systems are considered in this study: connecting an uncharged capacitor to a charged capacitor, emission of a photon from an excited atom, and releasing an object from a compressed spring. In this study, it is shown that a specific fraction of the total energy stored in a non-equilibrium system should be consumed to reach the equilibrium state.