TITLE:
Roles of antigen receptors and CA215 in the innate immunity of cancer cells
AUTHORS:
Gregory Lee, Suefay Liu
KEYWORDS:
Antigen Receptors; CA215; Cancer Immunity; Immunoglobulins; Innate Immunity; RP215; T Cell Receptors; Toll-Like Receptors
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Immunology,
Vol.3 No.3,
September
20,
2013
ABSTRACT: Antigen receptors, including
immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors, are known to be widely expressed by
cancer cells through unconfirmed mechanisms and for unknown purposes. Recently,
a monoclonal antibody, designated as RP215, was generated against the ovarian
cancer cell line, OC-3-VGH, and was shown to react with CA215, which consisted
mainly of these cancer cell-expressed antigen receptors. Experimental evidence
has clearly indicated that cancerous immunoglobulins play significant roles in
the growth and proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
RP215 and anti-antigen receptor antibodies were equally effective in inducing
apoptosis and complement-dependent cytotoxicity reactions to cultured cancer
cells. Through gene regulation studies, both RP215 and antibodies against
antigen-receptors were shown to affect more than a dozen of genes involved in
cell proliferation (such as NFκB-1, IgG, P21, cyclin D1, ribosomal P1, and c-fos). Furthermore, selected toll-like receptor genes (TLR- 2, -3, -4, and -9)
were also found to be highly regulated by both RP215 and anti-antigen receptor
antibodies. For example, RP215 and anti-antigen receptor
antibodies were found to both up-regulate TLR-2 and/or TLR-3 and down- regulate
TLR-4 and TLR-9 intwo types of cancer cells. Based on these studies, it is reasonable to
postulate that cancerous immunoglobulins play important roles in the modulation
of the innate immune system to allow the growth and survival of cancer cells
within the human body. Consequently, RP215
inits humanized forms may be utilized to target cancer cells
for potential therapeutic purposes.