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Ward, J.W., Holmberg, S.D., Allen, J.R., et al. (1988) Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by blood transfusion, screened as negative for HIV antibody. New England Journal of Medicine, 318, 973-978. doi:10.1056/NEJM198802253180803

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Horizontal transmission of HIV infection in an HIV-exposed child—An avoidable tragedy

  AUTHORS: Rosemary O. Ugwu

  KEYWORDS: HIV-Exposed; Blood Transfusion; Scarification

  JOURNAL NAME: Case Reports in Clinical Medicine, Vol.2 No.6, September 12, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Exposure to infected blood/blood products through blood transfusion and use of contaminated sharp objects remain an important source of HIV infection. This report describes the case of a 52-month-old male child of an HIV-infected mother in whom perinatal infection was successfully prevented by maternal and infant antiretroviral therapy, elective cesarean section, and avoidance of breast-feeding. A DNA PCR test at 6 weeks was negative and a rapid antibody test at 18 months was seronegative. He presented to the Paediatric infectious disease unit with chronic fever, cough, diarrhea and weight loss 7 months after receiving a commercially donated blood (in a rural private hospital) and scarification marks (by a traditional healer) for a febrile illness with convulsion. He was found to be seropositive with severe immunosuppression. He however died a month after being initiated on antiretroviral drug.