TITLE:
Adverse Effects of Permanent Waving and Hair Relaxation—Assessment by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
AUTHORS:
Tokuya Omi, Seiji Kawana
KEYWORDS:
Permanent Waving; Hair Relaxation; Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM); Hair Damage
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications,
Vol.3 No.3A,
September
10,
2013
ABSTRACT: Permanent waving is very popular in
Japan. Polypeptide chains (main chains) form the principal components of hair,
and they are lined up longitudinally. Hair relaxation is also called straight
permanent waving, and there are methods that change curly or wavy hair into
straight hair. Hair damage as a result of winding, combing, and using high-temperature
hairdressing irons is also often seen. By using scanning electron micrographs
(SEM) we showed broken hairs and hair damage caused by permanent wave
solutions. The hair damage is obvious when comparisons are made with the condition
of the hair surface, condition of the cuticle, etc. Hair swelling by permanent
wave solutions, manipulations such as winding, etc., inadequate rinsing with
water, procedures on injured hair at the outset, etc., are considered possible
reasons for any of these types of injury.