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ten Dijke, P., Hansen, P., Iwata, K.K., Pieler, C. and Foulkes, J.G. (1988) Identification of another member of the transforming growth factor type gene family. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science, 85, 4715-4719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.13.4715

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• TITLE: Testicular expression of the TGF-β1 system and the control of Leydig cell proliferation

  AUTHORS: Gonzalez Candela Rocio, Calandra Ricardo Saul, Gonzalez-Calvar Silvia Ines

  KEYWORDS: TGF-β1; Leydig; ALK; Endoglin

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, Vol.4 No.10C, September 4, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a key regulator that modulates male reproductive function. Testicular TGF-β1 modulates the steroidogenesis of Leydig cells, the organization of peritubular myoid cells, testis development and spermatogenesis. Several studies have indicated that TGF-β1 is involved in the tight balance between proliferative and apoptotic responses in the Leydig cells. In the present review, we summarize the direct effects of this cytokine in Leydig cells under normal and pathological conditions. We analyze the effect of TGF-β1 inLeydig cells depending on the type of receptors involved in the signaling pathway of TGF-β1. Our group has been analyzing the canonical and non canonical intracellular signaling pathways of TGF-β1 that are involved in the expression of proliferative and apoptotic markers in Leydig cells. On the basis of our studies and from those of other authors we conclude that the balance between the expression of TGF-β1 receptors and co receptors is of relevance in Leydig cell physiology and pathophisiology.