TITLE:
Cosmology Should Directly Use the Doppler’s Formula to Calculate the Red Shift of Ia Supernova—The Proofs That Metric Red Shift Is Inapplicable and Dark Energy Does Not Exist
AUTHORS:
Xiaochun Mei, Ping Yu
KEYWORDS:
Cosmology; Doppler Formula; R-W Metric; Hubble Law; Supernova; Dark Energy; Dark Material
JOURNAL NAME:
International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics,
Vol.3 No.3,
September
3,
2013
ABSTRACT: The Doppler formula
should be used directly to calculate red shift of Cosmology. The first
is gravity, the second is the Doppler’s effect and the third is the Compton scattering. The red shift of cosmology is considered to
be caused by the receding motions of celestial bodies, of which essence is the
Doppler’s effect. However, the basic formula used to calculate
the relationship between red shift and distance for Ia supernova in cosmology is z+1= R(t0)/R(t1)which is based on the R-W
metric and related to the scalar factor R(t). This is different from the Doppler formula which is related
to speed factor R(t). Because the R-W metric is only a mathematical structure of space, the
metric red shift is not an independent law of physics, this inconsistence is not allowed in physics. It is proved strictly
in this paper that the formula of metric red shift is only the result of the first
order approximation. If higher order approximations are considered, we can obtain a restrict condition R(t). It indicates that if the formula of metric red shift holds, it
can only be suitable to describe the spatial uniform expansion, unsuitable for the
practical universal process with acceleration. The further study reveals that the
R-W metric violates the invariability principle of
light’s speed in vacuum. The time delay caused by relat