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Kalpouzos, G., Chetelat, G., Landeau, B., Clochon, P., Viader, F., Eustache, F. and Desgranges, B. (2009) Structural and metabolic correlates of episodic memory in relation to the depth of encoding in normal aging. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 372-389. http://dx. doi.org/10.1162/jocn. 2008.21027

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• TITLE: Dissociative decline of spatial learning and recall with aging in male CD-1 mice

  AUTHORS: Katharina L. Neumeister, Peter Lohmann, Matthias W. Riepe

  KEYWORDS: Spatial Learning; Maze; CD-1; Middle-Aged; Old; Recall; Retrieval; Acquisition; Encoding; Memory; Running Speed

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Psychiatry, Vol.3 No.4, September 2, 2013

  ABSTRACT: On aging, spatial memory declines to some degree in both, rodents and humans. It is unknown, however, whether aging brings about a decline of encoding and retrieval of spatial information in parallel. The present study examined spatial encoding and retrieval in male CD-1 mice at 4, 9, and 12 months of age in a complex dry-land maze. The total time to reach the goal zone was age-dependent favoring mice at 4 months of age. We showed previously that moving time represents encoding of spatial information and resting time represents recall of previously learned spatial information. The average moving time decreased from 69.8 ± 5.3 s (mean ± SEM), 69.7 ± 8.0 s, and 78.9 ± 4.9 s to 17.0 ± 2.3 s (p