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B. Goodwin, S. A. Jones, R. R. Price, M. A. Watson, D. D. McKee, L. B. Moore, C. Galardi, J. G. Wilson, M. C. Lewis, M. E. Roth, P. R. Maloney, T. M. Willson and S. A. Kliewer, “A Regulatory Cascade of the Nuclear Receptors FXR, SHP-1, and LRH-1 Represses Bile Acid Biosynthesis,” Molecular Cell, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2000, pp. 517-526. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00051-4.

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• TITLE: Dietary Combination of Fish Oil and Hemoglobin Hydrolysates Alters Serum and Liver Lipid Contents in Rat

  AUTHORS: Kenji Fukunaga, Noriko Yukawa, Ryota Hosomi, Toshimasa Nishiyama, Munehiro Yoshida

  KEYWORDS: Fish Oil; n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid; Hemoglobin Hydrolysates; Lipid Metabolism

  JOURNAL NAME: Food and Nutrition Sciences, Vol.4 No.9A, August 30, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Fish oil has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects, and to reduce serum triacylglycerol (TAG) levels by stimulating lipid oxidation and inhibiting lipogenesis in the liver. A small number of studies have demonstrated the synergistic effect of fish oil and other bioactive components. This study examined the effect of fish oil in combination with porcine hemoglobin (Hb) hydrolysates on serum and liver lipid contents in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups; one group was fed a casein and soybean oil-based semi-purified basal diet and other three groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2% fish oil, 0.175% Hb hydrolysates, and 2% fish oil plus 0.175% Hb hydrolysates, respectively, for 4 weeks. The fish oil diet decreased serum and liver TAG contents but did not change serum and liver cholesterol levels. The dietary combination of fish oil and Hb hydrolysates decreased serum and liver TAG and cholesterol contents owing to the additive effect of both compounds, and this diet reduced the serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol content as a result of a synergistic effect. This hypolipidemic effect was in part caused by enhanced excretion of fecal fatty acids, neutral steroids, and acidic steroids. The results of this study suggest that the combined intake of fish oil and Hb hydrolysates may play beneficial roles in the prevention of cardiovascular disease as compared with fish oil alone.