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Powell, H.S., Thompson, W.L., Luthe, M.A., Stern, R.C., Grossniklaus, D.A., Bloxham, D.D., Groden, D.L., Jacobs, M.R., DiScenna, A.O., Cash, H.A. and Klinger, D.J. (1983) Once-daily vs. continuous amino glycoside dosing: Efficacy and toxicity in animal and clinical studies of gentamicin, netilmicin, and tobramycin. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 147, 918-932. doi:10.1093/infdis/147.5.918

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• TITLE: Novel genomic biomarkers for acute gentamicin nephrotoxicity in dog

  AUTHORS: James Eric McDuffie, Jingjin Gao, Jingying Ma, David La, Anton Bittner, Manisha Sonee, Matthew Wagoner, Sandra Snook

  KEYWORDS: Biomarker; Gentamicin; Nephrotoxicity; Dog

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Vol.3 No.3, August 28, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Objectives: Novel biomarkers indicative of drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) in dogs would have significant application in preclinical drug development. We conducted a feasibility study to identify genomic expression profiles for monitoring progressive, acute DIKI in dogs. Materials and Methods: Animals were intramuscularly administered either 0.9% physiological saline or gentamicin (40 mg/kg/day) for 10 consecutive days and euthanized on day 11. Serum and urine samples were collected at various time points and kidney samples were collected at necropsy for biomarker measurements. Results: Acute gentamicin-induced renal histopathology changes were localized to the proximal convoluted tubules and characterized as slight-to-marked, diffuse cortical-medullary tubular epithelial degeneration/necrosis. Serum creatinine (sCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) elevations suggestive of mild renal dysfunction were first observed on days 7 to 8. Gentamicin-induced increased urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) mRNA was observed on day 6 preceding detectable elevations of sCr and/or BUN. Increased urinary KIM-1 mRNA correlated with multifocal KIM-1 immunostaining in the corticomedullary tubular epithelial cells. Microarray analysis revealed changes in additional mRNA expression products detected in urine and/or kidney that should be further investigated for use as potential biomarkers for acute gentamicin related nephrotoxicity in dogs. Conclusion: These findings suggested the utility of non-invasive urinary genomic parameters for monitoring acute DIKI in dogs.