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U. Heink and I. Kowarik, “What are indicators? On the Definition of Indicators in Ecology and Environmental Planning,” Ecological Indicators, Vol. 10, No. 3, 2010, pp. 584-593. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.09.009

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Determining Environmental Impacts for Sensitive Species: Using Iconic Species as Bioindicators for Management and Policy

  AUTHORS: Joanna Burger, Michael Gochfeld, Charles W. Powers, James H. Clarke, Kevin Brown, David Kosson, Lawrence Niles, Amanda Dey, Christian Jeitner, Taryn Pittfield

  KEYWORDS: Assessment; Bioindicators; Contaminants; Endpoints Management; Public Policy; Fish; Birds

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol.4 No.8B, August 27, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Environmental assessment of impacts, management, and policy are important aspects of protection of human health and the environment. Assessing the impacts of human activities requires selection of bioindicator species that can be used to assess, manage, and develop public policies that ensure ecosystem integrity, and therefore sustainability of social, cultural, and economic systems. With the use of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), Pacific Cod (Gadusmacrocephalus), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), and Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa), we explore assessment and measurement endpoints, and their relationship to management and development of public policy. This combination of fish and birds provides a diversity of life histories, ecosystem roles, human values, and resource use to explore their use as bioindicators and endpoints. It also allows examination of 1) conservation and protection of species and biodiversity, 2) protection of ecosystems, 3) provision of goods and services, and 4) societal well-being.