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Bonen, D.K., Ogura, Y., Nicolae, D.L., Inohara, N., Saab, L., Tanabe, T., Chen, F.F., Foster, S. J., Duerr, R. H., Brant, S.R., Cho, J.H. and Nunez, G. (2003) Crohn’s disease-associated NOD2 variants share a signaling defect in response to lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. Gastroenterology, 124, 140-146. doi:10.1053/gast.2003.50019

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• TITLE: Synergistic interaction between C5a and NOD2 signaling in the regulation of chemokine expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages

  AUTHORS: Hui Tang, Umme Amara, Dora Tang, Mark A. Barnes, Christine McDonald, Laura E. Nagy

  KEYWORDS: Anaphylatoxin; C5L2; C5a Receptor; Complement; NOD2

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, Vol.4 No.8C, August 19, 2013

  ABSTRACT: The innate immune response is a complex process involving multiple pathogen-recognition receptors, including toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors. Complement is also a critical component of innate immunity. While complement is known to interact with TLR-mediated signals, the interactions between NOD-like receptors and complement are not well understood. Here we report a synergistic interaction between C5a and Nod2 signaling in RAW 264.7 marophages. Long-term treatment with muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a NOD2 ligand, enhanced C5a-mediated expression of chemokine mRNAs in RAW 264.7 cells. This response was dependent on NOD2 expression and was associated with a decrease in expression of C5L2, a receptor for C5a which acts as a negative modulator of C5a receptor (C5aR) activity. MDP amplified C5a-mediated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with an inhibitor of p38 attenuated the synergistic effects of C5aon MDP-primed cells on MIP-2, but not MCP-1, mRNA. In contrast, inhibition of AKT prevented C5a stimulation of MCP-1, but not MIP-2, mRNA, in MDP-primed cells. Taken together, these data demonstrated a synergistic interaction between C5a and NOD2 in the regulation of chemokine expression in macrophages, associated with a down-regulation of C5L2, a negative regulator of C5a receptor activity.