TITLE:
Measurement of Emissions from a Passenger Truck Fueled with Biodiesel from Different Feedstocks
AUTHORS:
Natchanok Pala-En, Melanie Sattler, Brian H. Dennis, Victoria C. P. Chen, Rachel L. Muncrief
KEYWORDS:
Alternative Fuel; Biodiesel; Diesel; Emissions; On-Road Testing; Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS); Dynamometer
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Environmental Protection,
Vol.4 No.8A,
August
12,
2013
ABSTRACT: Biodiesel has generated increased
interest recently as an alternative to petroleum-derived diesel. Due to its
high oxygen content, biodiesel typically burns more completely than petroleum
diesel, and thus has lower emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide
(CO), and particulate matter (PM). However, biodiesel may increase or decrease
nitrogen oxide (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions,
depending on biodiesel feedstock, engine type, and test cycle. The purpose of
this study was to compare emissions from 20% blends of biodiesel made from 4
feedstocks (soybean oil, canola oil, waste cooking oil, and animal fat) with
emissions from ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD). Emissions of NOx and
CO2 were made under real-world driving conditions using a Horiba
On-Board Measurement System OBS-1300 on a highway route and arterial route;
emissions of NOx, CO2, HC, CO, and PM were measured in a
controlled setting using a chassis dynamometer with Urban Dynamometer Drive
Schedule. Dynamometer test results showed statistically significant lower
emissions of HC, CO, and PM from all B20 blends compared to
ULSD. For CO2, both on-road testing (arterial, highway, and idling)
and dynamometer testing showed no statistically significant difference in emissions
among the B20 blends and ULSD. For NOx, dynamometer testing showed
only B20 from soybean oil to have statistically significant higher emissions.
This is generally consistent with the on-road testing, which showed no
statistically significant difference in NOx emissions between ULSD
and the B20 blends.