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C. R. Giuliano and L. D. Hess, “Nonlinear Absorption of Light: Optical Saturation of Electronic Transition in Organic Molecules with High Intensity Laser Radiation,” IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. 3, No. 8, 1967, pp. 358-367. doi:10.1109/JQE.1967.1074603

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Optical Limiting and Stabilization Properties of a Liquid Dye on 1064 nm Nanosecond Laser Pulses

  AUTHORS: Liuheng Wang, Rongzong Peng, Yuxia Zhao, Feipeng Wu

  KEYWORDS: Liquid Dye; Multiphoton Absorption; Optical Limiting; Optical Stabilization

  JOURNAL NAME: Optics and Photonics Journal, Vol.3 No.2B, July 18, 2013

  ABSTRACT: A novel liquid dye 2-((2E,5E)-2,5-bis(4-(methyl(2,5, 8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl)amino)benzylidene)cyclopentylidene) malononitrile (TO-BDCM) was synthesized by incorporating two oligo(ethenyl glycol) groups into the backbone of a prototype malononitrile derivative (BDCM) for the purpose of increasing its solubility in organic solvents. The nonlinear absorption properties of this liquid dye on 1064 nm ns pulsed laser were investigated in DMF with remarkably high concentration up to ~1M, showing a superior large nonlinear absorption coefficient of 55.6 cm3/GW2. Fairly good optical limiting and stabilization effects were achieved. Meanwhile, the liquid dye exhibited equivalent stability under laser irradiation compared to its prototype dye BDCM.