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Reddy, M.A., Thimmalapura, P.R., Lanting, L., Nadler, J.L., Fatima, S. and Natarajan, R. (2002) The oxidized lipid and lipoxygenase product 12(S)-hydroxyeicosa-tetraenoic acid induces hypertrophy and fibronectin transcription in vascular smooth muscle cells via p38 MAPK and cAMP response element-binding protein activation. Mediation of angiotensin II effects. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277, 9920-9928. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111305200

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• TITLE: 12/15-Lipoxygenase inhibition counteracts MAPK phosphorylation in mouse and cell culture models of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

  AUTHORS: Roman Stavniichuk, Alexander A. Obrosov, Viktor R. Drel, Jerry L. Nadler, Irina G. Obrosova, Mark A. Yorek

  KEYWORDS: Diabetes; Lipoxygenase; Neuropathy; Schwann Cells; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, Vol.3 No.3, July 17, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Background: Increased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation has been detected in peripheral nerve of human subjects and animal models with diabetes as well as high-glucose exposed human Schwann cells, and have been implicated in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In our recent studies, leukocytetype 12/15-lipoxygenase inhibition or gene deficiency alleviated large and small nerve fiber dysfunction, but not intraepidermal nerve fiber loss in streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Methods: To address a mechanism we evaluated the potential for pharmacological 12/15-lipoxygenase inhibition to counteract excessive MAPK phosphorylation in mouse and cell culture models of diabetic neuropathy. C57Bl6/J mice were made diabetic with streptozotocin and maintained with or without the 12/15-lipoxygenase inhibitor cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-α-cyanocinnamate (CDC). Human Schwann cells were cultured in5.5 mMor30 mMglucose with or without CDC. Results: 12(S) HETE concentrations (ELISA), as well as 12/15-lipoxygenase expression and p38 MAPK, ERK, and SAPK/JNK phosphorylation (all by Western blot analysis) were increased in the peripheral nerve and spinal cord of diabetic mice as well as in high glucose-exposed human Schwann cells. CDC counteracted diabetes-induced increase in 12(S)HETE concentrations (a measure of 12/15-lipoxygenase activity), but not 12/15-lipoxygenase overexpression, in sciatic nerve and spinal cord. The inhibitor blunted excessive p38 MAPK and ERK, but not SAPK/ JNK, phosphorylation in sciatic nerve and high glucose exposed human Schwann cells, but did not affect MAPK, ERK, and SAPK/JNK phosphorylation in spinal cord. Conclusion: 12/15-lipoxygenase inhibition counteracts diabetes related MAPK phosphorylation in mouse and cell culture models of diabetic neuropathy and implies that 12/15-lipoxygenase inhibitors may be an effective treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.