TITLE:
Female Preponderance in the Discordant Association between Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
AUTHORS:
Satsuki Kawasaki, Shinobu Satoh, Osamu Hasegawa, Satoshi Morita, Satoshi Kato, Yasuo Terauchi
KEYWORDS:
Discordance, Female, Gender preponderance, Hormone, Nephropathy, Pathogenesis, Proliferative, Retinopathy, Risk factor, Type 2 diabetes
JOURNAL NAME:
International Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Vol.2 No.1,
February
24,
2011
ABSTRACT: Aim: To elucidate clinical features in patients with type 2 diabetes with advanced retinopathy but without nephropathy.
Methods: This study examined 1324 patients (784 males and 540 females) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic reti-nopathy was graded according to the International Clinical Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy as no diabetic reti-nopathy, mild or moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic nephropathy was classified into four stages of severity according to the Guideline Committee of the Japan Diabetes Society. Each patient was examined for retinopathy grade and nephropathy stage. Clinical features of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were compared with regard to the four grades of diabetic nephropathy. Results: Fifty-two patients with type 2 diabetes (3.9% of the whole series of 1324 patients with type 2 diabetes and 25.7% of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy) had proliferative diabetic retinopathy without the presence of nephropathy. Multiple statistical analysis using a proportional odds model revealed that pa-tients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy without nephropathy had a significantly lower systolic blood pressure (p