TITLE:
High-Fat Diets-Induced Metabolic Alterations Alter the Differentiation Potential of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells
AUTHORS:
Vikie Lamontagne, Souhad El Akoum, Isabelle Cloutier, Jean-François Tanguay
KEYWORDS:
Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells; Type 2 Diabetes; Adipocytes; Endothelial Cells; Differentiation; Vascular Cellular Therapy
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases,
Vol.3 No.3,
July
12,
2013
ABSTRACT: Background: Adipose tissue-derived
stem cells (ASC) possess the ability to differentiate into adipocytes or endothelial
cells to help in the adipogenesis, vasculogenesis and vascular repair. This study
aims at determining the impact of high-fat diets (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D)
on the differentiation potential of ASC. Results: C57BL/6J male mice were fed a vegetal (VD) or an animal (AD) HFD. Isolation
of ACS from mice showing different levels of metabolic alterations reveals that
advanced T2D did not affect the number of cells per gram of tissue. Rather, a higher
proportion of inflammatory CD36+ cells was identified in HFD fed mice.
Despite a marked decreased expression of adipogenic genes (aP2, C/EBPα and PPARγ2), ASC from HFD groups had a higher adipogenic potential and a lower
endothelial differentiation potential in vitro compared to control. ASC from the VD group had enhanced cyclin B1 expression and
had more adipogenic potential compared to AD group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the metabolic modifications,
linked to the nature of fatty acids in diets, modulate the differentiation potential
of ASC with increased adipogenesis to the detriment of the endothelial pathway.
Results highlight the importance of evaluating the ASC differentiation behavior
in a context of autologous cell-based therapy for the repair of vascular tissues
in diabetic patients.