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B. B. Vinokur, S. E. Kondratyuk, L. I. Markovskaya, R. A. Khrunik, A. A. Gurmaza and V. B. Vainerman, “Effect of Retained Austenite on the Contact Fatigue Strength of Carburized Steel,” Institute of Casting Problems,” Metal Science and Heat Treatment, Vol. 20, No. 11, 1978, pp. 927-930.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Effect of Carbonitriding on Endurance Life of Ball Bearing Produced from SAE 52100 Bearing Steels

  AUTHORS: Karthikeyan Rajan, Vinod Joshi, Arindam Ghosh

  KEYWORDS: Carbonitriding; Retained Austenite; Martensite; Endurance Test; Bearing Steel

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology, Vol.3 No.3, July 10, 2013

  ABSTRACT: The present paper reports the unusual enhancement of endurance life of ball bearings subjected to carbonitriding treatment. The microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and correlated with hardness and X-ray diffraction analysis. Endurance tests at 90% reliability revealed that the carbonitrided bearings exhibit nearly ten times more life than the non-carbonitrided bearings. This is attributed to synergic combination of retained austenitic, fine martensitic microstructure and ultrafine carbide precipitates obtained by carbonitriding treatment.