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R. C. Dommarco, K. J. Kozaczek, P. C. Bastias, G. T. Hahn and C. A. Rubin, “Residual Stresses and Retained Austenite Evolution in SAE 52100 Steel under Non-Ideal Rolling Contact Loading,” Wear, Vol. 257, No. 11, 2004, pp. 1081-1088. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2004.01.020

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Effect of Carbonitriding on Endurance Life of Ball Bearing Produced from SAE 52100 Bearing Steels

  AUTHORS: Karthikeyan Rajan, Vinod Joshi, Arindam Ghosh

  KEYWORDS: Carbonitriding; Retained Austenite; Martensite; Endurance Test; Bearing Steel

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology, Vol.3 No.3, July 10, 2013

  ABSTRACT: The present paper reports the unusual enhancement of endurance life of ball bearings subjected to carbonitriding treatment. The microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and correlated with hardness and X-ray diffraction analysis. Endurance tests at 90% reliability revealed that the carbonitrided bearings exhibit nearly ten times more life than the non-carbonitrided bearings. This is attributed to synergic combination of retained austenitic, fine martensitic microstructure and ultrafine carbide precipitates obtained by carbonitriding treatment.