TITLE:
Calyculin A induces prematurely condensed chromosomes without histone H1 phosphorylation in mammalian G1-phase cells
AUTHORS:
James R. Paulson, Erica R. Vander Mause
KEYWORDS:
Mitosis; Chromosome Condensation; Histones; Protein Phosphatases
JOURNAL NAME:
Advances in Biological Chemistry,
Vol.3 No.3A,
June
25,
2013
ABSTRACT: It is shown here that one can induce prematurely
condensed chromosomes (PCCs) in G1-phase human (HeLa) and mouse (FT210) cells
by treating them with the protein phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A. However,
histone H1 is not phosphorylated in these G1-PCCs.
It has previously been proposed that histone H1 phosphorylation is responsible for mitotic chromosome condensation,
but our results suggest that this is not the case. They indicate instead that
phosphorylation of histone H1 is not required for chromosome condensation. It
is known that the Cdk1 protein kinase, which triggers mitosis and also
phosphorylates histone H1, cannot be activated in G1-phase because mitotic cyclins are not present. Since
calyculin A induces PCCs in G1-phase in the absence of active Cdk1,
our results suggest that inactivation of protein phosphatases may be just as important
for the onset of chromosome condensation and other mitotic events as the
activation of protein kinases.