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Hwang, J.H., Yak-Nam, W., Starr, F., Xinbo, F., Marla, P., Warren, C. and Mitchell, S. (2006) The development of a large animal model to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of extracorporeal HIFU therapy of the pancreas. Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Thera- peutic Ultrasound. Oxford, 30 August-2 September 2006.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Evaluation of the contrast between tissues and thermal lesions in rabbit in vivo produced by high intensity focused ultrasound using fast spin echo MRI sequences

  AUTHORS: Venediktos Hadjisavvas, Kleanthis Ioannides, Michalis Komodromos, Nikos Mylonas, Christakis Damianou

  KEYWORDS: HIFU; MRI; Kidney; Brain; Liver; Heart; Pancreas

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Vol.4 No.1, January 29, 2011

  ABSTRACT: In this paper the goal was to measure the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) of fast spin echo (FSE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences in detecting thermal lesions created by high intensity focused ul-trasound (HIFU) in rabbit kidney, liver, heart, and brain and lamb pancreas. A spherically focused transducer was used which is navigated inside MRI by a custom made positioning device. A simple simu-lation model was developed which predicts the CNR for the two FSE MRI sequences. The maximum con-trast measured with T1-W FSE ranges from 10 to 25. For all 5 tissues of interest if one uses TR between 400 and 500 ms the contrast is maximized. The T1 and T2 value of lesion depends strongly on the host tissue and is always lower than the host tissue. The greater the difference in T1 value, the greater the CNR. The simulated model for predicting the CNR was proven successful. The CNR measured with T2-W FSE varies between 12 and 15 for all 5 tissues. With T2-W FSE if one uses TE between 40 and 50 ms, the contrast is maximized.