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Horn, D.I., Yu, C., Steiner, J., Buchmann, J., Kaufmann, J., Osoba, A., Eckert, U., Zierhut, K.C., Schiltz, K., He, H., Biswal, B., Bogerts, B. and Walter, M. (2010) Glutamatergic and resting-state functional connectivity correlates of severity in major depression—The role of pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula. Frontiers in System Neuroscience, 4, 1-10.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Increased myo-inositol in the posterior cingulate cortex in first-episode major depressive patients

  AUTHORS: Lily Magally Granados-Domínguez, Enrique O. Flores-Gutiérrez, Sarael Alcauter, Juan José Cervantes, Marina Torres-Álvarez, María Corsi-Cabrera

  KEYWORDS: Major Depressive Disorder; Posterior Cingulate Cortex; Metabolites; 1H-MRS; Myo-Inositol; N-Acetyl-Aspartate

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, Vol.4 No.6A, June 20, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe, disabling pathology characterized, in addition to affective, cognitive and motor symptoms, by self-focused attention and rumination. During recursive self-focused processes and rumination, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is activated. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive imaging technique that can directly assess living biochemistry in localized brain regions. The aim of this study, therefore, was to use 1H-MRS as a means of analyzing brain metabolites in the PCC of a group of first-episode, unmedicated MDD patients. PCC metabolite levels were analyzed at 3-T in a single voxel located bilaterally over the PCC in 7 patients diagnosed for the first time with MDD and with no previous pharmacological treatment, as well as in 9 control subjects. Differences in metabolite levels between groups were compared using independent t-tests. Myo-inositol was significantly higher, and NAA + NAAG/Cr significantly lower, in MDD patients than in controls. The other brain metabolites showed no statistical differences. The present results suggest that alterations in PCC metabolite levels are likely involved in MDD pathophysiology, and may help to improve our understanding of MDD and the role of the PCC in some symptoms of depression.