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K. Bachmaier, C. Krawczyk, I. Kozieradzki, Y. Y. Kong, T. Sasaki, A. Oliviera-dos-Santos, S. Mariathasan, D. Bouchard, A. Wakeham, A. Itie, J. Le, P. S. Ohashi, I. Sarosi, H. Nishina, S. Lipkowitz and J. M. Penninger, “Negative Regulation of Lymphocyte Activation and Autoimmunity by the Molecular Adaptor Cbl-b,” Nature, Vol. 403, No. 6766, 2000, pp. 211-216. doi:10.1038/35003228

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Melanoma Immunotherapy: Overcoming Obstacles to Augment Anti-Tumor Immune Responses

  AUTHORS: Kristian M. Hargadon

  KEYWORDS: Melanoma; Tumor Immunotherapy; Dendritic Cell; Tumor Antigen; T Cell; Vaccine; Adoptive Transfer

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, Vol.3 No.2A, June 20, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and accounts for the vast majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Its ability to metastasize quickly, often before diagnosis, makes this cancer difficult to treat with traditional therapies. The identification of anti-melanoma immune responses in patients and the discovery of tumor antigens targeted by these immune responses have paved the way for immunotherapy as a novel approach to treating this cancer. In this review, the major immunotherapies targeting these melanoma tumor antigens are discussed. The advantages and limitations of peptide-, protein-, and gene-based vaccination maneuvers and adoptive cell transfer therapies are emphasized. Recent insights into melanoma immune evasion strategies are also highlighted, with particular focus on how our increasing knowledge of tumor/immune cell interactions is driving the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of melanoma.