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B. K. Edwards, M. L. Brown, P. A. Wingo, H. L. Howe, E. Ward, L. A. G. Ries, D. Schrag, P. M. Jamison, A. Jemal, X. C. Wu, C. Friedman, L. Harlan, J. Warren, R. N. Anderson and L. W. Pickly, “Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2002, Featuring Population Based Trends in Cancer Treatment,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 97, No. 19, 2005, pp. 1407-1427. doi:10.1093/jnci/dji289

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• TITLE: Melanoma Immunotherapy: Overcoming Obstacles to Augment Anti-Tumor Immune Responses

  AUTHORS: Kristian M. Hargadon

  KEYWORDS: Melanoma; Tumor Immunotherapy; Dendritic Cell; Tumor Antigen; T Cell; Vaccine; Adoptive Transfer

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, Vol.3 No.2A, June 20, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and accounts for the vast majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Its ability to metastasize quickly, often before diagnosis, makes this cancer difficult to treat with traditional therapies. The identification of anti-melanoma immune responses in patients and the discovery of tumor antigens targeted by these immune responses have paved the way for immunotherapy as a novel approach to treating this cancer. In this review, the major immunotherapies targeting these melanoma tumor antigens are discussed. The advantages and limitations of peptide-, protein-, and gene-based vaccination maneuvers and adoptive cell transfer therapies are emphasized. Recent insights into melanoma immune evasion strategies are also highlighted, with particular focus on how our increasing knowledge of tumor/immune cell interactions is driving the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of melanoma.