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M. G. Munoz and S. S. Witkin, “Autoimmunity to Spermatozoa, Asymptomatic Chlamydia Trachomatis Genital tract Infection and Gamma Delta T Lymphocytes in Seminal Fluid from the Male Partners of Couples with Unexplained Infertility,” Human Reproduction, Vol. 10, No. 5, 1995, pp. 1070-1074.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Local Cell Mediated Immune Reaction in Primary Obstructive Male Infertility

  AUTHORS: Anil Kumar Sarda, Shweta Aggarwal Bhalla, Durgatosh Pandey, Shyama Jain

  KEYWORDS: Male Infertility, Autoimmunity, Testis, Epididymis, Histology

  JOURNAL NAME: Surgical Science, Vol.2 No.1, January 29, 2011

  ABSTRACT: Increased intra-epididymal pressure due to obstruction causes a breach in the epididymal lining exposing the highly antigenic sperms to the interstitium. When the exposure is small and intermittent, it is likely to induce a local humoral response which may affect sperm maturation and also react with the epididymal epithelium producing irreversible histological changes. The present study on 30 patients of primary obstructive infertility found direct and indirect evidence of the production of antisperm antibodies locally. ELISA for antisperm antibodies was positive in the epididymal fluid in 16/30 (53%) of the patients. Indirect evidence of the role of local antigen-antibody reaction in the epididymis is apparent in 22/30 (73%) patients who had a lymphocytic infiltrate. The local presence of antisperm antibodies in the epididymal fluid correlated well with the presence of lymphocytic infiltration in the interstitium (p