TITLE:
Dark Energy from Kaluza-Klein Spacetime and Noether’s Theorem via Lagrangian Multiplier Method
AUTHORS:
Mohamed S. El Naschie
KEYWORDS:
Dark Energy of the Schrödinger Wave; Quantum Measurement and the Missing Energy of the Cosmos; Revising Einstein’s Relativity; Kaluza-Klein Dark Energy; Lagrangian Multiplier as Dark Energy; Noether’s Theorem and Dark Energy
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Modern Physics,
Vol.4 No.6,
June
13,
2013
ABSTRACT: The supposedly missing dark energy of the cosmos is found quantitatively in a direct analysis without involving ordinary energy. The analysis relies on five dimensional Kaluza-Klein spacetime and a Lagrangian constrained by an auxiliary condition. Employing the Lagrangian multiplier method, it is found that this multiplier is equal to the dark energy of the cosmos and is given by where E is energy, m is mass, c is the speed of light, and λ is the Lagrangian multiplier. The result is in full agreement with cosmic measurements which were awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics as well as with the interpretation that dark energy is the energy of the quantum wave while ordinary energy is the energy of the quantum particle. Consequently dark energy could not be found directly using our current measurement methods because measurement leads to wave collapse leaving only the quantum particle and its ordinary energy intact.