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F. Freund, “Stress-Activated Positive Hole Change Carriers in Rocks and the Generation of Pre-Earthquake Signals,” In: M. Hayakawa, Ed., Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes, Transworld Research Network, Trivandrum, 2009, pp. 41-96.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: On the Relative Effect of Magnitude and Depth of Earthquakes in the Generation of Seismo-Ionospheric Perturbations at Middle Latitudes as Based on the Analysis of Subionospheric Propagation Data of JJY (40 kHz)-Kamchatka Path

  AUTHORS: Masashi Hayakaw, Alexander Rozhnoi, Maria Solovieva

  KEYWORDS: VLF/LF Subionospheric Propagation; Ionospheric Perturbation; Earthquake precursors; Earthquake Prediction

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Earthquake Research, Vol.2 No.2, May 15, 2013

  ABSTRACT: The relative importance of magnitude and depth of an earthquake (EQ) in the generation of seismo-ionospheric perturbations at middle latitudes is investigated by using the EQs near the propagation path from the Japanese LF transmitter, JJY (at Fukushima) to a receiving station at Petropavsk-Kamchatsky (PTK) in Russia during a three-year period of 2005-2007. It is then found that the depth (down to 100km) is an extremely unimportant factor as compared with the magnitude in inducing seismo-ionospheric perturbations at middle latitudes. This result for sea EQs in the Izu-Bonin and Kurile-Kamchatka arcs is found to be in sharp contrast with our previous result for Japanese EQs mainly of the fault-type. We try to interpret this difference in the context of the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling mechanism.