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Stegeman, J.J., Brouwer, M., Digiulio, R.T., Forlin, L., Fowler, B.A., Sanders, B.M. and Vanveld, P.A. (1992) Molecular responses to environmental contamination— enzyme and protein systems as indicators of chemical-exposure and effect. In: Huggett, R.J., Kimerle, R.A., Mehrle, P.M. and Bergman, H.L., Eds., Biomarkers Biochemical, Physiological, and Histological Markers of Anthropogenic Stress, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Boca Raton, 235-335.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Lead induced overactivation of phagocytes and variation in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in intestinal macrophages of Channa punctatus

  AUTHORS: Nilantika Paul, Mahuya Sengupta

  KEYWORDS: Lead; Channa punctatus; Antioxidant; Oxidative Stress; Lipid Peroxidation; Respiratory Burst; Glutathione; Bioaccumulation

  JOURNAL NAME: Modern Research in Inflammation, Vol.2 No.2, May 9, 2013

  ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to assess the adverse effects of lead, a well-documented non-essential element that occurs naturally in the environment, on Channa punctatus, in relation with ROS production and oxidative stress. Fishes were sampled, acclimatized and kept treated or untreated with lead (9.43 mg/L) under observation for 4 days. At day 4, respiratory burst activity, lipid peroxidation activity and superoxide dismutase level increased significantly in treated group as compared to the control. On the contrary, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione activity decreased on treatment with lead. These results suggest that heavy metal like lead induces oxidative stress, influences the antioxidant defense system and may lead to physiological disorders rendering the health and survival of exposed fish to a compromised state.