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P. Kwan, A. Arzimanoglou, A. T. Berg, M. J. Brodie, W. Allen Hauser, G. Mathern, S. L. Moshé, E. Perucca, S. Wiebe and J. French, “Definition of Drug Resistant Epilepsy: Consensus Proposal by the Ad Hoc Task Force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies,” Epilepsia, Vol. 51, No. 6, 2010, pp. 1069-1077. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.x

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Efficacy of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) after Multiple Subpial Transections (MST) for Extra-Temporal Seizure Foci

  AUTHORS: Arun Angelo Patil, Arun Anthony, Richard Andrews

  KEYWORDS: Vagus Nerve Stimulation; Multiple Subpial Transaction; Intractable Epilepsy

  JOURNAL NAME: Surgical Science, Vol.4 No.5, May 7, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Background: The effect of Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy following major resective surgeries has been reported. However, the effect of VNS therapy following multiple-subpial-transections (MST) has not been reported. The objective of this paper is to examine the beneficial effect of VNS therapy following MST. Methods: There are 22 patients aged 10 - 55 years. Male/female distribution is 11/11 and follow-up is 24 - 148 months (median of 120 months). Seizure foci were bilateral in 9 patients, multi-lobar (unilateral) in 12 patients and single-lobar in 1 patient. MST was performed over broad areas in and around the seizure foci. VNS implantation was done when the response to MST procedure was poor (1 patients), or there was recurrence of seizures (21 patients). Interval between MST and VNS implanttation varied from one month to three years (median of 2 years). Results: Thirteen patients (59%) are seizure free (Engel’ Class I), 8 (36.5%) have greater than 90% reduction in seizure frequency (Class II), and 1 (4.5%) has between 50% - 90% reduction in seizure frequency (Class III). Conclusion: The results show that VNS therapy produced meaningful improvement in seizure outcome in all patients with extra-temporal seizures that had inadequate response to MST.