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Barrot, M., Marinelli, M., Abrous, D., Pont, F., Moal, M. and Piazza, P. (2001) The dopaminergic hyper-responsiveness of the shell of the nucleus accumbens is hormonedependent. European Journal of Neuroscience, 12, 973979. doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00996.x

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• TITLE: Socio-maternal risk factors of ADHD among Iraqi children: A case-control study

  AUTHORS: Hussain R. Saadi, Khadijah Shamsuddin, Rosnah Sutan, Serene A. Alshaham

  KEYWORDS: ADHD; Socio-Maternal; Risk Factors; Case-Control

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, Vol.3 No.2, April 30, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic disorder that appears first in childhood at preschool age (4 - 5) years, and is manifested by a symptomatic pattern of difficulties with attention, motor activity and impulsivity. Maternal factors like stress, socio-demographic and maternal life style factors are potential risk factors for ADHD. Methodology: A retrospective case-control study was conducted in Baghdad-Iraq. Cases have been taken from 5 private paediatric clinics. Controls were chosen from kindergartens within the same residential area of the paediatric private clinics. Mothers of cases and controls were investigated for the risk factors of ADHD using a self-administered questionnaire. The total sample size was 260. Number of cases was 130 and number of controls was 130. Results: Five variables were significantly associated with development of ADHD after using a multivariate logistic regression model, maternal war stress (Adjusted OR 9.08, 95% CI 4.70 - 17.52 and P value bidity and improvement of maternal health. There is a real necessity to address the need of vulnerable pregnant mothers at war and disaster’s time for programmes which will be able to control the stress that those pregnant mothers would encounter during those hard times.