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Powell, K.J., Brown, P.L., Byrne, R.H., Gajda, T., Hefter, G., Leuz, A., Sj?berg, S. and Wanner, H. (2009) Chemical speciation of environmentally significant metals with inorganic ligands. Part 4: The Pb2++ OH–, Cl–, , , and systems (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 12, 2425-2476. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-09-03-05

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• TITLE: An experimental study of hydrolytic behavior of thulium in basic and near-neutral solutions

  AUTHORS: S. A. Stepanchikova, R. P. Biteykina, A. A. Sava

  KEYWORDS: Rare Earth Elements; Thulium; Stability Constants; Spectrophotometry; pH-Indicators

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol.3 No.2, April 30, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Hydrolytic equilibria of Tm (III) in KOH solutions were studied at 25°C. A spectrophotometry with m-cresol purple and 2-naphthol as pH indicators was used at an ionic strength of not more than 0.0005. The results indicate that in freshly prepared solutions at pH ranging between 6 and 10 Tm is present as , , and . The stepwise stability constants of hydroxide complexes calculated at zero ionic strength were obtained as coefficient of linear regression equations from the graph of optical densities of the indicators in Tm solutions at varying pH.