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G. V. Chilingar, S. V. Mazzullo and H. H. Rieke, “Carbonate Reservoir Characterization,” A Geologic-Engineering Analysis, Part I, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1992.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Electrokinetics Technology to Improve Acidizing of Carbonate Reservoir Rocks

  AUTHORS: Sanghee Shin, George V. Chilingar, Mohammed Haroun, Kenneth Wittle, Najmedin Meshkati, Sibel Pamukcu, Jaehyeung Jeoung, Hobon Koo

  KEYWORDS: Acidizing; Electorkinetics; Carbonate Rocks; Penetration Distance; Stimulation

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol.4 No.4A, April 30, 2013

  ABSTRACT: A novel technology (electrokinetics) is proposed to improve acidizing operations, i.e., increase the penetration distance. The acid dissolves the carbonates (limestones/dolomites), enlarging the pores and increasing the width of pre-existing fractures. This gives rise to an increase in permeability. The principal acid commonly used is hydrochloric (HCl), which is pumped through tubing. Aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid (usually 15%) are pumped into the carbonate formations to enlarge the pores and pre-existing fractures. Without application of D.C. current, the penetration distance is usually very short, especially in tight rocks. However, the penetration distance of acid is very short. By applying D.C. current, one can drive the acid for long distances into the formation being acidized.