TITLE:
Monoclonal antibody and its use in the diagnosis of livestock diseases
AUTHORS:
Rajib Deb, Sandip Chakraborty, Belamaranahlly Veeregowda, Amit Kumar Verma, Ruchi Tiwari, Kuldeep Dhama
KEYWORDS:
Antibody; Cell Engineering; Diagnosis; Livestock; Microbes; Monoclonal; Parasites
JOURNAL NAME:
Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology,
Vol.4 No.4A,
April
30,
2013
ABSTRACT: Since
the discovery of hybridoma cells by Kohler and Milstein, the uses of monoclonal
antibody (mAb), the protein produced by such cells are in vogue. Such antibodies
with single isotype have higher specificity, and the serological tests employed
in show higher reproducibility compared to those with use of polyclonal antisera.
There are several procedures of mAb production which vary considerably but the principle
remains the same which states that antigens introduced into animals generally result
in the stimulation of lymphocytes, some of which produce antibody of only one type,
although the isotype may change. The developments in the field of cell culture and
transfection technology have lead to the production of improved qualities of mAbs. In general, monoclonal antibodies are important reagents used in biomedical research, such as, in the field
of diagnostics and therapeutics as well as targeted drug delivery systems. They
have got importance not only for infectious diseases caused by microbes and parasites,
but also for cancer, metabolic and hormonal disorders, in the diagnosis of lymphoid
and myeloid malignancies and tissue typing, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
(especially blocking ELISA), radio immunoassay (RIA), serotyping of pathogens and
their immunological intervention with passive antibody, anti-idiotype inhibition
or magic bullet therapy with cytotoxic agents coupled with antimouse specific antibody. The application of mAbs in diagnosis of various livestock diseases is an important area of concern
as these diseases are a major and increasingly important factor reducing livestock
productivity in various parts of the world. In this context, the application of
mAbs for diagnosis of important bacterial diseases viz., Anthrax, Brucellosis, Paratuberculosis, Leptospirosis, Listeriosis,
Clostridial infections and Mycoplasmosis (CBPP), fungal diseases viz., Zygomycosis, Cryptococcosis, Histoplasmosis
and Paracoccidiodomycosis, viral diseases
viz., Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV), Rota viral diarrhoea, Blue tongue, Rabies,
Classical swine fever and re-emerging viral diseases like Hendra and Nipah viral infections and parasitic diseases viz., dirofilariosis,
and Trichinellosis and haemportozoan diseases (including Trypanosomiasis,
Leishmaniasis, Anaplasmosis, infections caused by Plasmodium spp. as well as tick
borne diseases) have been discussed thoroughly along with the specifications of
the diagnostic assays for each disease for the convenience of the diagnosticians,
researchers, scientists and students to employ such assays, both in field and laboratories
to strengthen the disease control programme.